Adults with dyslexia are impaired in categorizing speech and nonspeech sounds on the basis of temporal cues
Adults with dyslexia are impaired in categorizing speech and nonspeech sounds on the basis of temporal cues
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0912858107
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发表时间：
2010-06-08
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Ghesquiere, Pol
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vandermosten, Maaike;Boets, Bart;Ghesquiere, Pol
发展性阅读障碍的特征是严重的阅读和拼写困难，这些困难是持续性的，并且对通常的教学措施和补救努力具有抵抗力。众所周知，这些问题的一个主要原因在于语音的表达不明确。一种假说认为，这种语音缺陷是由于听觉处理中更基本的缺陷造成的。尽管大量的研究工作，这些听觉问题的具体性质仍然存在争议。第一个争议涉及听觉处理问题的言语特异性：它们是否可以被简化为更基本的听觉处理，或者它们是否特异于言语声音的感知？第二个争论的主题是听觉问题在多大程度上是特定于快速变化的时间信息的处理，或者它们是否包括更广泛的复杂的频谱时间处理。通过应用一个平衡的设计与刺激，充分控制声学复杂性，我们表明，成人阅读障碍是特别受损的分类语音和非语音的声音，不同的快速变化的声学线索（即，时间线索），但它们在分类稳态语音和非语音声音时表现充分。因此，我们表明，个人与阅读障碍有听觉时间处理赤字，是不是语音特定的。
Developmental dyslexia is characterized by severe reading and spelling difficulties that are persistent and resistant to the usual didactic measures and remedial efforts. It is well established that a major cause of these problems lies in poorly specified representations of speech sounds. One hypothesis states that this phonological deficit results from a more fundamental deficit in auditory processing. Despite substantial research effort, the specific nature of these auditory problems remains debated. A first controversy concerns the speech specificity of the auditory processing problems: Can they be reduced to more basic auditory processing, or are they specific to the perception of speech sounds? A second topic of debate concerns the extent to which the auditory problems are specific to the processing of rapidly changing temporal information or whether they encompass a broader range of complex spectro-temporal processing. By applying a balanced design with stimuli that were adequately controlled for acoustic complexity, we show that adults with dyslexia are specifically impaired at categorizing speech and nonspeech sounds that differ in terms of rapidly changing acoustic cues (i.e., temporal cues), but that they perform adequately when categorizing steady-state speech and nonspeech sounds. Thus, we show that individuals with dyslexia have an auditory temporal processing deficit that is not speech-specific.