Evaluations of and Reasoning About Normative and Deviant Ingroup and Outgroup Members: Development of the Black Sheep Effect
Evaluations of and Reasoning About Normative and Deviant Ingroup and Outgroup Members: Development of the Black Sheep Effect
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/a0032461
复制
发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Van de Vyver, Julie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abrams, Dominic;Palmer, Sally B.;Van de Vyver, Julie
对成年人的研究已经证明了一种“害群之马效应”（BSE），即相对于对规范群体成员的评价，内群体偏差者比外群体偏差者受到更多的减损。发展性主观群体动力学（DSGD）模型认为，BSE应该在儿童期中期发展，当时儿童适用更广泛的社会规范。338名年龄在5岁到12岁之间的儿童被判定为来自内群体或外群体学校的规范（社会可取）和偏差（社会不可取）成员。结果证实了BSE的发育增加，这是第一次被证明。儿童对小组成员的自我评价受到他们对小组内同伴评价的期望的影响。根据DSGD和社会领域理论，随着年龄的增长，儿童对同伴评价的解释相对更多地集中在忠诚上。同行包容和排斥的实际和理论影响进行了讨论。
Research with adults has demonstrated a "black sheep effect" (BSE) whereby, relative to evaluations of normative group members, ingroup deviants are derogated more than outgroup deviants. The developmental subjective group dynamics (DSGD) model holds that the BSE should develop during middle childhood when children apply wider social norms. Three hundred and thirty-eight children who were between 5 and 12 years old judged a normative (socially desirable) and a deviant (socially undesirable) member from an ingroup or an outgroup school. Results confirmed a developmental increase in the BSE, the first time this has been demonstrated. Children's own evaluations of group members were mediated by their expectations about ingroup peers' evaluations. In line with DSGD and social domain theories, with age, children's explanations of peer evaluations for ingroup deviance focused relatively more on loyalty. Practical and theoretical implications for peer inclusion and exclusion are discussed.