Risk factors of hypertension among adults aged 35-64 years living in an urban slum Nairobi, Kenya
Risk factors of hypertension among adults aged 35-64 years living in an urban slum Nairobi, Kenya
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DOI：
10.1186/s12889-015-2610-8
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发表时间：
2015-12-17
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Breiman, Robert F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Olack, Beatrice;Wabwire-Mangen, Fred;Breiman, Robert F.
背景：高血压是撒哈拉以南非洲(SSA)一个新兴的公共卫生问题，城市化被认为有利于它的出现。由于缺乏关于SSA城市贫民窟居民高血压及其相关危险因素的信息，我们旨在描述肯尼亚城市贫民窟中高血压危险因素的分布特征，并调查其与高血压的关系。方法：我们在肯尼亚内罗毕基贝拉贫民窟进行了一项以社区为基础的横断面调查。训练有素的面谈人员使用经修订的世界卫生组织慢性病风险因素逐步监测问卷收集关于社会人口特征和自我报告的健康行为的数据。人体测量和血压测量是按照标准程序进行的。采用多元Logistic回归进行分析，计算95%可信区间的优势比来识别与高血压相关的危险因素。结果：共调查了1528名成年人，平均年龄为46.7岁。高血压标化患病率为29.4%(95%可信区间为27.0~31.7)。在418名被归类为高血压的参与者中，超过三分之一(39.0%)的人没有意识到自己患有高血压。目前吸烟和饮酒的患病率分别为8.5%和13.1%。超过一个季度，26.2%的参与者被归类为超重(身体质量指数[BMI]和GT；=25到=30 kg/m(2))。超重、肥胖、当前吸烟、一定程度的教育程度、最高的财富指数、适度的体力活动、年龄较大和丧偶都与高血压独立相关。当符合多变量Logistic回归模型时，寡妇[AOR=1.7；(95%CI，1.1-2.6)]，属于最高的财富指数[AOR=1.6；(95%CI，1.1-2.5)]，肥胖[AOR=1.8；95%CI，1.1-3.1]和中等体力活动[AOR=1.9；结论：贫民窟高血压是一个公共卫生问题，至少每三个35岁的成年人中就有一个患有高血压-。年龄、婚姻状况、财富指数、缺乏体力活动和体重指数是与高血压相关的重要危险因素。有必要针对与高血压相关的可改变的危险因素采取预防措施，以遏制高血压及其渐进性影响。
Background: Hypertension is an emerging public health problem in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) and urbanization is considered to favor its emergence. Given a paucity of information on hypertension and associated risk factors among urban slum dwellers in SSA, we aimed to characterize the distribution of risk factors for hypertension and investigate their association with hypertension in an urban slum in Kenya.Methods: We conducted a community based cross-sectional survey among adults 35 years and older living in Kibera slum Nairobi, Kenya. Trained interviewers collected data on socio demographic characteristics and self reported health behaviours using modified World Health Organization stepwise surveillance questionnaire for chronic disease risk factors. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed following standard procedures. Multiple logistic regression was used for analysis and odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were calculated to identify risk factors associated with hypertension.Result: A total of 1528 adults were surveyed with a mean age of 46.7 years. The age-standardized prevalence of hypertension was 29.4 % (95 % CI 27.0-31.7). Among the 418 participants classified as hypertensive, over one third (39.0 %) were unaware they had hypertension. Prevalence of current smoking and alcohol consumption was 8.5 and 13.1 % respectively. Over one quarter 26.2 % participants were classified as overweight (Body Mass Index [BMI] >= 25 to = 30 kg/m(2)). Overweight, obesity, current smoking, some level of education, highest wealth index, moderate physical activity, older age and being widowed were each independently associated with hypertension. When fit in a multivariable logistic regression model, being a widow [AOR = 1.7; (95 % CI, 1.1-2.6)], belonging to the highest wealth index [AOR = 1.6; (95 % CI, 1.1-2.5)], obesity [AOR = 1.8; 95 % CI, 1.1-3.1)] and moderate physical activity [AOR = 1.9; (95 % CI, 1.2-3.0)], all remained significantly associated with hypertension.Conclusion: Hypertension in the slum is a public health problem affecting at least one in three adults aged 35-64 years. Age, marital status, wealth index, physical inactivity and body mass index are important risk factors associated with hypertension. Prevention measures targeting the modifiable risk factors associated with hypertension are warranted to curb hypertension and its progressive effects.