Beyond Occupational Differences: The Importance of Crosscutting Demographics and Dyadic Toolkits for Collaboration in a US Hospital
Beyond Occupational Differences: The Importance of Crosscutting Demographics and Dyadic Toolkits for Collaboration in a US Hospital
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DOI：
10.1177/0001839214538262
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Kellogg, Katherine C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DiBenigno, Julia;Kellogg, Katherine C.
我们使用的数据来自一个12个月的人种学研究的两个医疗外科单位在美国医院研究如何从不同职业的成员可以在他们的日常工作中相互合作，尽管不同的地位，共同的意义，和专业知识的职业群体，以前的工作已经证明，创造困难。在我们的研究中，两个医院单位的护士和病人护理技术人员（PCT）面临着这些相同的职业差异，服务于相同的病人群体，在相同的管理和组织结构下工作，并有相同的压力，目标和组织协作工具。但是一个单位的护士和PCT成功地合作，而另一个单位的护士和PCT没有合作。我们表明，一个社会结构的特点是交叉的人口统计之间的职业群体，其中职业成员是不相关的人口统计组成员可以放松附件的职业身份和地位秩序。这使得跨职业的二元关系的成员，在我们的案例中，护士和PCT，在他们的互动中利用其他共同的社会身份，如共同的种族，年龄或移民身份。在二元层次上利用共享的社会身份为成员提供了一个“二元工具包”，其中包含替代性的、非职业性的专业知识、共享的意义、状态规则和情感脚本，这些都促进了跨职业差异的合作，并改善了患者护理。
We use data from a 12-month ethnographic study of two medical-surgical units in a U.S. hospital to examine how members from different occupations can collaborate with one another in their daily work despite differences in status, shared meanings, and expertise across occupational groups, which previous work has shown to create difficulties. In our study, nurses and patient care technicians (PCTs) on both hospital units faced these same occupational differences, served the same patient population, worked under the same management and organizational structure, and had the same pressures, goals, and organizational collaboration tools available to them. But nurses and PCTs on one unit successfully collaborated while those on the other did not. We demonstrate that a social structure characterized by cross-cutting demographics between occupational groups-in which occupational membership is uncorrelated with demographic group membership-can loosen attachment to the occupational identity and status order. This allows members of cross-occupational dyads, in our case nurses and PCTs, to draw on other shared social identities, such as shared race, age, or immigration status, in their interactions. Drawing on a shared social identity at the dyad level provided members with a "dyadic toolkit'' of alternative, non-occupational expertise, shared meanings, status rules, and emotional scripts that facilitated collaboration across occupational differences and improved patient care.