Stability and change in internal working models of friendship: Associations with multiple domains of urban adolescent functioning
Stability and change in internal working models of friendship: Associations with multiple domains of urban adolescent functioning
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/0265407502192004
复制
发表时间：
2002-04-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Zimmerman, MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller, AL;Notaro, PC;Zimmerman, MA
我们研究了稳定性和变化的作用，在低成就的城市非洲裔美国青少年的内部工作模式，他们的亲密友谊在多个领域的功能。我们比较了三组青年，他们的依恋取向基于两个等级，一年后：（i）稳定-安全（安全的两年）;（ii）稳定-不安全（不安全的两年）;（iii）改变方向。我们评估了心理健康，参与问题行为，消极的同伴影响，学校态度和性行为，假设青少年报告稳定的安全内部工作模式的友谊将显示出最高水平的功能在所有领域，其次是青少年报告不稳定的友谊和青少年报告稳定的不安全的取向。友谊的内部工作模式采用修改后的Hazan和Shaver（1987）成人依恋分类进行评估。在所有领域中，具有稳定安全取向的青少年比具有稳定不安全内部工作模式的青少年表现得更好（例如，更少的问题行为和更积极的学校态度）。变化组要么类似于稳定-不安全组，要么介于两个稳定组之间。基于依恋取向变化方向（即，安全的变化与不安全的变化）揭示了问题行为和性的主要影响，通过改变性行为的方向相互作用效应。这些结果表明，低成就青少年的依恋取向随着时间的推移而变化，并与有害的结果。他们将依恋理论扩展到青少年与朋友的关系。
We examined the role of stability and change in low-achieving urban African American adolescents' internal working models of their close friendships across multiple domains of functioning. We compared three groups of youth defined by their attachment orientation based on two ratings one year apart: (i) stable-secure (secure both years); (ii) stable-insecure (insecure both years); and (iii) changing orientation. We assessed psychological well-being, participation in problem behaviors, negative peer influences, school attitudes, and sexual behavior, hypothesizing that adolescents reporting stable secure internal working models of friendship would show the highest levels of functioning across all domains, followed by adolescents reporting instability in their friendships and adolescents reporting stable insecure orientations. Internal working models of friendship were assessed using a modified version of Hazan and Shaver's (1987) Adult Attachment Classifications. Across all domains, adolescents with stable secure orientations functioned better than those with stable insecure internal working models (e.g., less problem behavior and more positive school attitudes). The change group either resembled the stable-insecure group or fell in between the two stable groups. Analyses comparing outcomes based on the direction of change in attachment orientation (i.e., change to secure versus change to insecure) revealed main effects for problem behaviors and sex by change direction interaction effects for sexual behavior. These results suggest that low-achieving adolescents' attachment orientations change over time and are associated with deleterious outcomes. They extend attachment theory to adolescents' relationships with friends.