Effects of common Echinochloa varieties on grain yield and grain quality of rice
Effects of common Echinochloa varieties on grain yield and grain quality of rice
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2016.12.003
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发表时间：
2017-03
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Zhang Zichang;Tao Gu;Buhong Zhao;Xia Yang;Qiong Peng;Yongfeng Li;L. Bai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhang Zichang;Tao Gu;Buhong Zhao;Xia Yang;Qiong Peng;Yongfeng Li;L. Bai
结缕草、结缕草、结缕草是水稻田的主要危害杂草。本研究的目的是研究在种植这些常见的禾本科牧草时水稻的产量(质和量)。以两个高产水稻品种两优培九(ANO.杂交品种)和南京9108(ANO.从移栽到成熟的不同发育阶段。处理包括无杂草(对照)，用藜麦种植的水稻。大米(Crus-gallivar.mitis(ECM))，与大米一起种植的大米。Crus-galli.crusgalivar.zelayensis(ECZ)和与之一起种植的水稻。结肠号(EC)。结果表明，在同一水稻品种上，3个品种的株高大小顺序为ECZ>ECM>EC，生育期为ECM>ECZ>EC，干物质积累量ECM和ECZ均大于EC。与无杂草对照相比，同一水稻品种内各处理间的分蘖数差异不显著。两个水稻品种的ECM和ECZ处理以及EC处理的南京9108在抽穗期和成熟期的叶片光合速率、根系生物量、根系氧化活性和干物质积累均显著低于对照。不同处理的水稻产量损失不同，但不同处理的产量损失有所不同。水稻产量损失ECM处理为12.7-42.6%，ECZ处理为22.3-55.2%，EC处理为1.5-12.1%。在两个水稻品种上，ECM和ECZ处理的籽粒产量均显著低于对照。南京9108的EC处理产量显著低于对照，而两优培九的EC处理与对照差异不显著。总体而言，在相同的处理条件下，杂交水稻品种的产量损失比杂交水稻要大。其产量损失程度为ECZ>ECM>ECEC。两个水稻品种的整精米品质、垩白粒率、垩白大小和胶稠度在ECM和ECZ处理下均显著降低，EC处理下南京9108的整精米品质、垩白粒率、垩白大小和胶稠度均显著降低，但两优培九没有显著降低。我们认为，籽粒灌浆期叶片光合作用速率、根系生物量、根系氧化活性和成熟期干物质积累的下降是由于杂草对冠层光传输的干扰所致，这些因素导致了籽粒产量和品质的损失。
Barnyard grass, such asEchinochloacrus-gallivar.mitis,Echinochloa crus-gallivar.zelayensisandEchinochloa colonum, are the main troublesome weeds in rice (Oryzasativa) paddies. This study aimed to investigate the rice yield (quality and quantity) when grown with these common barnyard grass varieties. A 2-year field experiment was conducted using two high-yielding rice cultivars, Liangyoupeijiu (anO. sativa indicahybrid cultivar) and Nanjing 9108 (anO. sativa japonicacultivar) at different developmental stages from transplant to maturity. Treatments included a weed-free (control), rice grown withEchinochloa. crus-gallivar.mitis(Ecm), rice grown withE. crus-galli.crusgalivar.zelayensis(Ecz), and rice grown withE. colonum(Ec). The results showed that when barnyard grasses were grown with the same rice cultivar, the order of plant height of the three barnyard grass varieties was Ecz > Ecm > Ec, the growth duration was Ecm > Ecz > Ec and the dry matter accumulation of both Ecm and Ecz was greater than Ec. Compared with the weed-free control, there was no significance difference in rice tiller numbers among the treatments within the same rice cultivar. The Ecm and Ecz treatments for both rice cultivars and the Ec treatment of Nanjing 9108 had significantly lower leaf photosynthetic rate, root biomass, root oxidation activity, and dry matter accumulation at both the heading and maturity stages. Lower rice yield loss was detected for all rice grown with barnyard grass, but the loss in yield differed by treatments. Losses in grain yield of rice were 12.7–42.6% in the Ecm treatment, 22.3–55.2% in the Ecz treatment, and 1.5–12.1% in the Ec treatment. For both rice cultivars, Ecm and Ecz treatments had significantly lower grain yield compared with the control. The Ec treatment for Nanjing 9108 had significantly lower grain yield compared to the control, but there was not a significant difference between Ec and the control for Liangyoupeijiu. In general, thejaponicacultivar had a greater loss in grain yield compared with theindiciahybrid cultivar under the same treatment. The degree of yield loss by barnyard grass cultivar was Ecz > Ecm > Ec. Grain quality in head rice, chalky kernel, chalky size, and gel consistency was significantly lower for both rice cultivars in the Ecm and Ecz treatments and also for Nanjing 9108 but not for Liangyoupeijiu in the Ec treatment. We conclude that the reduction in leaf photosynthetic rate, root biomass, root oxidation activity at the grain filling stage, and dry matter accumulation at maturity was caused by interference in canopy light transmission caused by barnyard grass and that these factors resulted in losses in grain yield and quality.