Evolution of the Grain Dispersal System in Barley
Evolution of the Grain Dispersal System in Barley
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.002
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发表时间：
2015-07-30
期刊：
影响因子：
64.5
通讯作者：
Komatsuda, Takao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pourkheirandish, Mohammad;Hensel, Goetz;Komatsuda, Takao
大约12,000年前，在近东，人类开始从狩猎采集社会过渡到以农业为基础的社会。大麦是这一过程中的奠基作物，其驯化过程中最重要的步骤是两个相邻的显性互补基因的突变，通过这种突变，谷物在成熟时保留在花序上，从而实现有效的收获。这些基因中的每一个的独立隐性突变引起细胞壁增厚在一个高度特异性的粮食“断节区”，转换成一个坚韧的，非脆性的形式，促进粮食保留野生型的脆性花轴（轴）。通过追踪这两个基因的等位基因变异的进化历史，我们得出结论，空间和时间上独立的选择种质与非脆轴的农民在南部和北方地区的黎凡特，行动，作出了重大贡献，早期农业社会的出现大麦驯化。
About 12,000 years ago in the Near East, humans began the transition from hunter-gathering to agriculture-based societies. Barley was a founder crop in this process, and the most important steps in its domestication were mutations in two adjacent, dominant, and complementary genes, through which grains were retained on the inflorescence at maturity, enabling effective harvesting. Independent recessive mutations in each of these genes caused cell wall thickening in a highly specific grain "disarticulation zone," converting the brittle floral axis (the rachis) of the wild-type into a tough, non-brittle form that promoted grain retention. By tracing the evolutionary history of allelic variation in both genes, we conclude that spatially and temporally independent selections of germplasm with a non-brittle rachis were made during the domestication of barley by farmers in the southern and northern regions of the Levant, actions that made a major contribution to the emergence of early agrarian societies.