The occurrence and dietary intake related to the presence of microplastics in drinking water in Saudi Arabia
The occurrence and dietary intake related to the presence of microplastics in drinking water in Saudi Arabia
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DOI：
10.1007/s10661-021-09132-9
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发表时间：
2021-07-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Alarfaj, Rashed
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Almaiman, Lama;Aljomah, Alaa;Alarfaj, Rashed
摄入微塑料 (MP) 的影响和健康影响仍不清楚，但世界各地的研究人员和组织正在越来越多地研究环境中微塑料和纳米塑料的水平。这项研究调查了沙特阿拉伯五个地区的瓶装水和自来水中微塑料的存在和数量，并估计了微塑料的膳食摄入量。从沙特阿拉伯的零售市场采集了 30 个饮用水样本。样本包括塑料瓶装饮用水、2个玻璃瓶和2个代表地下水和淡化海水的自来水样本。实验室样品制备涉及使用无机滤膜（0.2μm孔径）的真空辅助过滤。使用傅里叶变换红外显微光谱（FTIR 显微光谱）对微塑料颗粒进行识别和分类。本研究筛选的粒径范围为25-500μm。 30 个样品中有 17 个被鉴定出微塑料。检测到的微塑料颗粒的平均值分别为 1.9 pcs/L（下限估计值，LB）和 4.7 pcs/L（上限估计值，UB）。最常见的塑料类型是聚乙烯 (PE)，其次是聚苯乙烯 (PS) 和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (PET)。假设男性和女性平均每天建议饮水量分别为 3.7 升和 2.7 升，相应的每日微塑料暴露量将达到 0.1-0.2 颗/公斤体重。根据世界卫生组织建议的炎热天气饮水量，高饮水量的估计增加到每天 1.7-1.9 粒/公斤体重。从这些结果中，我们得出结论，沙特阿拉伯饮用水中微塑料的膳食摄入水平较低，并且根据目前的了解，饮用水中微塑料不会引起沙特阿拉伯消费者的任何担忧。
The implications and health effects of microplastics (MPs) ingestion are still unclear, yet researchers and organizations around the world are increasingly examining the levels of microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment. This study investigated the presence and the quantity of microplastics in bottled and tap water from five regions in Saudi Arabia and estimated the dietary intake of microplastics. Thirty samples of drinking water were collected from the retail markets in Saudi Arabia. The samples included plastic bottled drinking water, 2 glass bottles, and 2 samples of tap water to represent ground water and desalinated seawater. Sample preparation in the laboratory involved a vacuum-assisted filtration with an inorganic filter membrane (0.2-mu m pore size). Identification and classification of microplastics particles using Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR microspectroscopy). The particle size range screened for in this study was 25-500 mu m. Microplastics were identified in 17 out of 30 samples. The average of the detected microplastic particles was 1.9 pcs/L (lower bound estimate, LB) and 4.7 pcs/L (upper bound estimate, UB), respectively. The most frequently identified plastic type was polyethylene (PE), followed by polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Given an average recommended water intake of 3.7 and 2.7 L per day for men and women, respectively, the corresponding daily exposure to microplastics would result in 0.1-0.2 pcs/kg bw. The estimate for high water consumers increases to a daily exposure of 1.7-1.9 pcs/kg bw based on the recommended intake for water in hot weather by the WHO. From these results, we conclude that the level of dietary intake of microplastics from drinking water in Saudi Arabia is low, and according to current state of knowledge, microplastics from drinking water do not pose any concern to the consumers in Saudi Arabia.