The emerging relevance of the gut microbiome in cardiometabolic health.
The emerging relevance of the gut microbiome in cardiometabolic health.
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肠道微生物组在心脏代谢健康中的作用正在显现。
DOI：
10.1007/s12170-013-0357-2
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发表时间：
2013-12-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Ordovas JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Obin M;Parnell LD;Ordovas JM
人类是由10%的人类细胞和90%的微生物细胞组成的超级有机体或“整体生物”，两者的健康和生存已经共同进化成不可分割地交织在一起。因此，宿主重要的代谢途径和生理反应，包括脂质和胆汁酸代谢和炎症反应，都是由宿主与肠道微生物群落或“微生物群”[3]之间的“串扰”调节的。肠道菌群越来越被认为是疾病的诱因，肠道菌群失调或“生态失调”既是心脏代谢疾病的特征，也是潜在的原因，这也许并不奇怪。这一领域的发现速度和范围反映了我们将强大的“组学”技术（特别是基因组学、宏基因组学和代谢组学）纳入临床前和临床研究的能力日益增强。众所周知，心血管并发症是肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者发病和死亡的主要原因。这种关联在很大程度上反映了伴随这些疾病的全身炎症、脂肪毒性和氧化应激对内皮功能的有害影响[4,5]。过去十年的研究表明，肠道微生物失调可以通过改变循环和储存的脂质之间的平衡，并通过促进全身性炎症（代谢性内毒素血症），促进肥胖，
Humans are super-organisms or “holobionts”[1] composed of 10% human cells and 90% microbial cells [2], and the health and survival of both have co-evolved to become inextricably intertwined. Thus, vital host metabolic pathways and physiological responses, including lipid and bile acid metabolism and inflammatory response, are regulated by “cross-talk” between the host and the gut microbial community, or “microbiota”[3]. Perhaps not surprisingly, the gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as an agent of sickness, with dysregulation in the gut microbiota, or “dysbiosis,” emerging as both a feature and potential cause of cardiometabolic disease. The pace and scope of discovery in this arena reflects our increasing ability to incorporate powerful ‘omics’ technologies—in particular genomics, metagenomics, and metabolomics—into preclinical and clinical studies.It is well-established that cardiovascular complications are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in individuals with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This association reflects in large part the deleterious impacts of systemic inflammation, lipotoxicity, and oxidative stress on endothelial function that accompany these conditions [4, 5]. Studies over the last decade have demonstrated that gut microbial dysbiosis can, by altering the balance between circulating and stored lipids, and by promoting systemic inflammation (metabolic endotoxemia), promote obesity,