Lake ice formation processes and thickness evolution at Lake Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan
Lake ice formation processes and thickness evolution at Lake Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan
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DOI：
10.1017/jog.2016.57
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发表时间：
2016-11
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Yuki Ohata;T. Toyota;T. Shiraiwa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yuki Ohata;T. Toyota;T. Shiraiwa
在网走湖，日本北海道，湖冰的属性进行了研究，使用现场观测和1-D热力学模式，以澄清在中纬度地区的形成过程中受到显着的降雪，以及温和的空气温度。在所有的湖泊站点检查，冰包括两个不同的层：雪冰（SI）层的顶部和冰（CI）层下面。SI层占总冰层厚度的29-73%，比北极高纬度地区湖泊的比例要大得多。在该模型中，CI增长率采用传统的热收支方法估算，SI增长率的计算则假设当地面热收支为正值时，由均衡平衡产生的过量降雪通过雪压缩率（β）加上地面融化率转换为SI。通过调整SI厚度观测值的β值，模拟结果成功地再现了CI和SI的观测厚度以及湖泊的破裂日期。从本质上讲，模型的研究结果显示了雪及其形成SI如何减少约一半的总冰厚度的季节性变化。
Lake-ice properties at Lake Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan, were examined using field observations and a 1-D thermodynamic model to clarify formation processes at mid-latitudes subject to significant snowfall as well as moderate air temperature. At all lake sites examined, the ice comprised two distinct layers: a snow ice (SI) layer on top and a congelation ice (CI) layer below. The SI layer occupied as much as 29–73% of the total ice thickness, a much greater fraction than that reported for lakes at Arctic high latitudes. In the model, the CI growth rate was estimated using the traditional heat budget method, while the SI growth rate was calculated assuming the excessive snowfall from the isostatic balance is converted to SI by a snow compression rate ( β ) with the surface melting rate added when the surface heat budget becomes positive. By tuning the value of β to the observational results of SI thickness, the model outcome successfully reproduced the observational thicknesses of CI and SI, and the break-up date of the lake. Essentially, the model findings show how snow and its formation into SI reduce, by about half, the seasonal variability of total ice thickness.