Long-term memory for affiliates in ravens.
Long-term memory for affiliates in ravens.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.023
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发表时间：
2012-05-08
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Bugnyar, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boeckle, Markus;Bugnyar, Thomas
复杂的社会生活要求个人识别和记住群体成员，并在这些成员中区分附属成员和非附属成员。尽管在一些非人类动物中已经证明了长期的个体识别，但对前群体成员关系效价的记忆却很少受到关注。在这里，我们表明，成人，对居住的乌鸦不仅响应不同的播放电话从以前的组成员和不熟悉的同种，但也区分熟悉的鸟类之间的关系价，他们对这些科目到三年前作为亚成年nonbreeders。鸟类对熟悉和不熟悉个体的区分主要体现在叫声的数量上，而它们根据关系效价的区分只体现在叫声调制上。作为比较，他们的反应附属公司，乌鸦回应nonaffiliates增加混乱的部分发声和降低共振峰间距，可能夸大了身体大小的感知印象。我们的研究结果表明，乌鸦记得关系的质量，前组成员，即使经过长时间的分离，确认其复杂的社会知识，作为nonbreeders保持到领土繁殖阶段。乌鸦会在很长一段时间内记住以前的群体成员。乌鸦除了记住群体成员身份外，还会记住关系效价（隶属关系）。熟悉度是在回应回放的呼叫数量中编码的。关系效价是在回应呼叫的调制中编码的。
Complex social life requires individuals to recognize and remember group members and, within those, to distinguish affiliates from nonaffiliates. Whereas long-term individual recognition has been demonstrated in some nonhuman animals, memory for the relationship valence to former group members has received little attention. Here we show that adult, pair-housed ravens not only respond differently to the playback of calls from previous group members and unfamiliar conspecifics but also discriminate between familiar birds according to the relationship valence they had to those subjects up to three years ago as subadult nonbreeders. The birds' distinction between familiar and unfamiliar individuals is reflected mainly in the number of calls, whereas their differentiation according to relationship valence is reflected in call modulation only. As compared to their response to affiliates, ravens responded to nonaffiliates by increasing chaotic parts of the vocalization and lowering formant spacing, potentially exaggerating the perceived impression of body size. Our findings indicate that ravens remember relationship qualities to former group members even after long periods of separation, confirming that their sophisticated social knowledge as nonbreeders is maintained into the territorial breeding stage. ► Ravens remember former group members for extended time periods ► Ravens memorize relationship valence (affiliation) in addition to group membership ► Familiarity is coded in the number of calls given in response to playback ► Relationship valence is coded in the modulation of response calls
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Fraser, Orlaith N.;Bugnyar, Thomas
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