Is the (E)-β-farnesene only volatile terpenoid in aphids?
Is the (E)-β-farnesene only volatile terpenoid in aphids?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0418.2005.00925.x
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Haubruge, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Francis, F;Vandermoten, S;Haubruge, E
草食性昆虫使用广泛的化学线索来定位它们的宿主以取食或产卵。无论几种植物挥发物对昆虫是否具有化感作用，昆虫也会释放出具有信息化学作用的分子。（E）-β-法呢烯（EBF）是一种已知的蚜虫报警信息素，通常在所有先前测试的物种中发现。采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术，对5 ~ 7月采集的23种蚜虫的释放物进行了分析。虽然EBF被确定为主要的挥发性物质在16个物种，单独或与其他分子，报警信息素只是一个次要组成部分的挥发性分子模式的其他五个物种。此外，两个物种，Euceraphis punctipennis和Drepanosiphum platanoides，没有释放EBF，但其他萜烯被确定。这一最初的观察提出了关于非EBF挥发物的效用和来源的问题。这些潜在的信息化学物质是由蚜虫产生的还是仅从寄主植物中吸收的？在这里，我们确定昆虫释放的萜烯不仅由寄主植物提供。事实上，豌豆蚜比在同一宿主植物上饲养的几种蚜虫释放出更多的分子。此外，蚜虫的取食行为和挥发物释放之间没有系统的关系。蚜虫萜烯的组成和比例将为识别排放有机体、植物或昆虫提供可靠的线索。这项工作的下一步将是确定在测试蚜虫样品范围内发现的萜烯的信息化学作用，以更好地了解不同三营养水平之间的关系。
Herbivore insects use a broad range of chemical cues to locate their host to feed or to oviposit. Whether several plant volatiles are effective allelochemicals for insects, the latter also emit molecules which have infochemical role. The (E)-beta-farnesene (EBF) is a well-known aphid alarm pheromone commonly found in all previously tested species. Analysis of the released molecules from 23 aphid species, mainly collected on their natural host plant from May to July, was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. While EBF was identified as the main volatile substance in 16 species, alone or associated with other molecules, the alarm pheromone was only a minor component of the volatile molecule pattern of five other species. Moreover, two species, Euceraphis punctipennis and Drepanosiphum platanoides, did not release EBF at all but other terpenes were identified. This original observation raised the question on the utility and the source of the non-EBF volatiles. Are these potential infochemical substances produced by the aphid or only absorbed from the host plant? Here we determined that terpenes released by insects were not only provided by the host plants. Indeed, Megoura viciae emitted additional molecules than the ones from several aphid species reared on the same host plant. Moreover, no systematic relation between the feeding behaviour of the aphid species and the volatile releases was observed. Aphid terpene composition and proportion would provide reliable cues to identify the emitting organism, plant or insect. The next step of this work will be to determine the infochemical role of terpenes found in the range of tested aphid samples to better understand the relations between the different tritrophic levels.