Modulation of Meiotic Recombination
Modulation of Meiotic Recombination
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-662-44406-1_16
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Waugh, Robbie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ramsay, Luke;Colas, Isabelle;Waugh, Robbie
减数分裂重组是创造推动进化的遗传多样性的主要力量之一，也是大多数作物育种计划的基本工具。更好地理解作物植物中重组的控制将能够操纵这一过程，以提高植物育种的速度和准确性。这将是特别有用的许多温带草物种（如小麦，大麦，燕麦和牧草，如黑麦草和羊茅），其中高度偏态分布的减数分裂交叉（CO）事件意味着很大比例的基因很少，如果有的话，重组。这些物种都是草亚科Pooideae的成员，具有大的基因组和非常密切的同线关系，并且都表现出相对于其基因组中的基因分布的非随机重组模式，由此交叉似乎优先针对染色体的末端。这意味着，着丝粒区域周围的大面积染色体很少重组，即使它们代表了染色体物理图谱的相当大的比例。因此，即使是交换频率和分布的微小变化，特别是那些促进着丝粒区域重组的变化，也可能通过打破一些广泛的连锁区块，对这些作物的育种效率产生重大影响。作者总结了目前对大麦减数分裂过程的认识，并强调了未来可能调节减数分裂重组的策略。
Meiotic recombination is one of the principal forces creating the genetic diversity that drives evolution and is the fundamental instrument underlying most crop breeding programmes. A greater understanding of the control of recombination in crop plants would enable manipulation of this process to improve the speed and accuracy of plant breeding. This would be particularly useful for many of the temperate grass species (e.g. wheat, barley, oats and forage grasses such as Lolium and Festuca) where the highly skewed distribution of meiotic crossover (CO) events means that a large proportion of genes rarely, if ever, recombine. These species are all members of the grass subfamily Pooideae, with large genomes and very close syntenic relationships, and all exhibit a non-random pattern of recombination relative to the gene distribution in their genomes whereby chiasmata appear to be preferentially targeted to the ends of the chromosomes. This means that large areas of the chromosome around the centromeric region rarely recombine, even though they represent substantial proportions of the physical maps of the chromosomes. Even small changes in the crossover frequency and distribution, particularly those that promote recombination in centromeric regions, could therefore have a significant effect on the efficiency of breeding in these crops by breaking up some of the extensive linkage blocks. The authors summarise current knowledge on the process of meiosis in barley and highlight strategies which could allow the modulation of meiotic recombination in future.