ECONOMIC SEGMENTATION, WORKER POWER, AND INCOME INEQUALITY
ECONOMIC SEGMENTATION, WORKER POWER, AND INCOME INEQUALITY
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DOI：
10.1086/227499
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发表时间：
1981-01-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
ALTHAUSER, RP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KALLEBERG, AL;WALLACE, M;ALTHAUSER, RP
经济分割如何导致收入不平等，是经济和社会组织理论以及社会经济成就理论的核心问题。以前的研究强调了收入结构性差异的两个来源：（1）拥有大量资源的雇主，出于各种原因，可能会发现支付工人更高的工资符合他们的利益;（2）一些工人能够获得对抗雇主和其他工人的权力，因此可以获得更高的收入。在本文中，我们研究了经济分割，工人权力和收入不平等之间的联系所涉及的几个问题。我们认为，经济分割的结构是多维的，反映了集中度，经济规模，国家干预市场，资本密集度和组织规模等不同的概念。工人的权力也来自不同的来源，如工会成员资格、职业技能和许可证、阶级地位和雇主的任期。我们构建了这两套概念的措施，并从两个国家的个人样本的数据来研究它们的关系和对收入的影响。我们还将经济分割与社会经济成就文献提出的问题联系起来;特别是，我们发现教育对收入的影响在企业和行业背景中有所不同。我们的分析说明了经济分割方法解释收入不平等的结构性来源的效用。
How economic segmentation generates income inequality constitutes a central question for theories of economic and social organization and of socioeconomic achievement. Previous research emphasizes two sources of the structural variation in income: (1) employers with large amounts of resources, for a variety of reasons, may find it in their interests to pay workers higher wages; and (2) some workers are able to acquire power against their employers as well as against other workers and can therefore extract higher earnings. In this paper, we investigate several issues involved in the links among economic segmentation, worker power, and income inequality. We argue that the structure of economic segmentation is multidimensional and reflects such distinct concepts as concentration, economic scale, state intervention in the market, capital intensity, and organization size. Worker power also is derived from diverse sources, such as union membership, occupational skill and licensing, class position, and tenure with an employer. We construct measures of these two sets of concepts and examine their relationships and effects on income with data from two national samples of individuals. We also relate economic segmentation to issues raised by the socioeconomic achievement literature; in particular, we find that the effect of education on income differs among firm and industrial contexts. Our analyses illustrate the utility of an economic segmentation approach for explaining structural sources of income inequality.