Coffee, glucose homeostasis, and insulin resistance: physiological mechanisms and mediators
Coffee, glucose homeostasis, and insulin resistance: physiological mechanisms and mediators
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DOI：
10.1139/h08-123
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发表时间：
2008-12-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Shearer, Jane
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tunnicliffe, Jasmine M.;Shearer, Jane
流行病学研究表明，咖啡消费与2型糖尿病（T2 D）患病率的大幅降低相关。这种相关性在不含咖啡因和含咖啡因的咖啡中都可以看到，并且不分性别，酿造方法或地理位置。尽管有明确的证据表明咖啡因会导致急性餐后高血糖和全身胰岛素敏感性降低，但它们仍然存在。由于咖啡消费的有益效果存在于脱咖啡因和含咖啡因的咖啡中，咖啡因以外的咖啡成分必须负责。本文综述了负责咖啡对T2 D的影响的特定咖啡化合物及其潜在的生理作用机制。作为植物来源，咖啡含有水果和蔬菜中发现的许多有益化合物，包括抗氧化剂。事实上，咖啡是工业化国家膳食抗氧化剂的最大来源。当绿色咖啡在高温下烘烤时，美拉德反应会产生许多独特的化合物。烘烤会导致一部分抗氧化剂绿原酸转化为奎尼特，这种化合物会改变血糖水平。咖啡消耗也可能介导肠道肽（葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽和胰高血糖素样肽-1）的水平，这些激素密切参与饱腹感和胰岛素分泌的调节。最后，咖啡可能具有类似益生元的特性，改变肠道植物群并最终改变消化。总之，很明显，更好地了解咖啡在T2 D发展和预防中的作用有可能发现新的治疗靶点和营养制剂。
Epidemiological studies show coffee consumption to be correlated to large risk reductions in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Such correlations are seen with decaffeinated and caffeinated coffee, and occur regardless of gender, method of brewing, or geography. They also exist despite clear evidence showing that caffeine causes acute postprandial hyperglycemia and lower whole-body insulin sensitivity. As the beneficial effects of coffee consumption exist for both decaffeinated and caffeinated coffee, a component of coffee other than caffeine must be responsible. This review examines the specific coffee compounds responsible for coffee's effects on T2D, and their potential physiological mechanisms of action. Being plant-derived, coffee contains many beneficial compounds found in fruits and vegetables, including antioxidants. In fact, coffee is the largest source of dietary antioxidants in industrialized nations. When green coffee is roasted at high temperatures, Maillard reactions create a number of unique compounds. Roasting causes a portion of the antioxidant, chlorogenic acid, to be transformed into quinides, compounds known to alter blood glucose levels. Coffee consumption may also mediate levels of gut peptides (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1), hormones intimately involved in the regulation of satiety and insulin secretion. Finally, coffee may have prebiotic-like properties, altering gut flora and ultimately digestion. In summary, it is evident that a better understanding of the role of coffee in the development and prevention of T2D has the potential to uncover novel therapeutic targets and nutraceutical formulations for the disease.