"Men Are in Front at Eating Time, but Not When It Comes to Rearing the Chicken": Unpacking the Gendered Benefits and Costs of Livestock Ownership in Kenya
"Men Are in Front at Eating Time, but Not When It Comes to Rearing the Chicken": Unpacking the Gendered Benefits and Costs of Livestock Ownership in Kenya
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DOI：
10.1177/0379572117737428
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Young, Sera L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dumas, Sarah E.;Maranga, Abena;Young, Sera L.
背景：畜牧业可以通过多种途径促进低收入社区的复原力。畜牧业发展计划试图扩大这些好处，但往往没有考虑到预期受益人的成本或现行性别normal.Objective的影响：探讨肯尼亚尼扬扎地区女性小农畜牧业者对畜牧业所有权的看法，并揭示畜牧业利益和投资的分配如何因家庭内性别而异。我们使用了多种人种学技术，包括Photovoice，照片启发式采访方法，焦点小组讨论，桩排序，与女性小农牲畜所有者（n = 18）参与正在进行的队列研究。成绩单编码使用先验结构和接地theorety.Results的组合：我们发现，牲畜受益于家庭提供财政安全，粮食安全，社会福利，以及人类的时间和劳动力的节省。然而，这些好处在很大程度上促进了家庭的长期复原力，而不是立即的收益。拥有牲畜也是家庭时间和劳动力的主要成本，绝大多数由妇女和儿童承担。尽管这项投资，妇女有限的牲畜所有权的权利，决策权，控制收入，或获得meat.Conclusions：我们的研究结果表明，牲畜所有权需要大量的家庭时间和劳动力的投资，这不成比例的负担妇女。因此，在某些情况下，普遍存在的性别不平等可能会限制许多妇女及其家庭拥有牲畜的净收益。畜牧业发展方案必须在多个层面评估方案的效益和成本，以确保妇女参与畜牧业生产能够改善个人和家庭的成果。
Background: Livestock can promote resilience in low-income communities through a number of pathways. Livestock development programs seek to amplify these benefits but often fail to consider the costs to intended beneficiaries or the effect of prevailing gender norms.Objective: To explore perceptions of livestock ownership among female smallholder livestock keepers in Nyanza Region, Kenya, and unpack how the distribution of livestock benefits and investments varies by gender within households.Methods: We used multiple ethnographic techniques, including Photovoice, a photo-elicitation interview method, focus group discussions, and pile sorts, with female smallholder livestock owners (n = 18) participating in an ongoing cohort study. Transcripts were coded using a combination of a priori constructs and grounded theory.Results: We found that livestock benefited households by providing financial security, food security, social benefits, and human time and labor savings. However, these benefits largely promoted long-term household resilience rather than immediate gains. Livestock ownership also had major costs to household time and labor, which were overwhelmingly borne by women and children. Despite this investment, women had limited livestock ownership rights, decision-making power, control over income, or access to meat.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that livestock ownership requires significant investments of household time and labor, which disproportionately burden women. Prevailing gender inequalities may therefore constrain the net benefit of livestock ownership for many women and their households in some contexts. Livestock development programs must assess both program benefits and costs at multiple levels to ensure that women's participation in livestock production leads to improved individual and household outcomes.