Neoliberalism in Action Inequality, Insecurity and the Reconstitution of the Social
Neoliberalism in Action Inequality, Insecurity and the Reconstitution of the Social
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DOI：
10.1177/0263276409350283
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发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Lazzarato, Maurizio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lazzarato, Maurizio
本文从福柯对自由主义和新自由主义的分析出发，重构了新自由主义将社会转变为以市场、竞争、不平等和个人特权为基础的“企业社会”的机制和手段。它强调了福柯所忽视的金融化的作用，作为实现这一转变的关键工具。它阐述了作为新自由主义社会政策一部分的个性化、非安全化和非政治化策略，以破坏福利国家和福特主义所倡导的共同化和再分配的原则和实践。它表明，新自由主义政治的目标是恢复资本决定财富分配的权力，并建立企业作为主导形式;这要求它以整个社会为目标进行根本性的重建，建立新的机制来控制个人行为。并以文化产业从业人员为例，说明这些机制在实践中的运作。它还概述了分析工具的主要要素，这些要素使国家作为构成新自由主义市场资本主义条件的工具组合的新角色以及适合于新自由主义市场资本主义的新型个人变得清晰可见，从而为福柯的分析增添了一个新的维度。
This paper draws from Foucault's analysis of liberalism and neoliberalism to reconstruct the mechanisms and the means whereby neoliberalism has transformed society into an 'enterprise society' based on the market, competition, inequality, and the privilege of the individual. It highlights the role of financialization, neglected by Foucault, as a key apparatus in achieving this transformation. It elaborates the strategies of individualization, insecuritization and depoliticization used as part of neoliberal social policy to undermine the principles and practices of mutualization and redistribution that the Welfare State and Fordism had promoted. It shows that the aim of neoliberal politics is the restoration of the power of capital to determine the distribution of wealth and to establish the enterprise as dominant form; this requires that it target society as a whole for a fundamental reconstruction, putting in place new mechanisms to control individual conduct. The analysis refers to the case of workers in the culture industry to illustrate the operation of these mechanisms in practice. It also outlines the main elements of the analytical apparatus that makes visible the new role of the state as an ensemble of apparatuses constituting the conditions for neoliberal market capitalism and the new type of individual appropriate for it. The paper thus adds a new dimension to Foucault's analysis.