Gully and tunnel erosion in the hilly Loess Plateau region, China
Gully and tunnel erosion in the hilly Loess Plateau region, China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.02.019
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Zhu, T. X.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhu, T. X.
尽管在世界许多地区，人们经常观察到沟谷的发展与管道和隧道侵蚀有关，但对它们之间的空间相互作用缺乏详细的研究。这些研究不仅有助于发展关于山坡和水系演变的地貌理论，而且有助于设计有效的侵蚀控制措施。本研究旨在探讨中国北部黄土丘陵区沟谷发育与隧道侵蚀之间的相互作用。首先，通过航片解译和普查，绘制了王家沟流域9.1公里(2)的沟谷、隧道入口处和泥石流分布图。其次，对选定的沟谷进行了详细的野外研究，以考察沟谷发育与隧道形成过程之间的相互作用。第三，分析了由地理信息系统和野外测量得到的沟谷地形变量，以识别隧道沟谷和非隧道沟谷的差异，共识别了704条渠道，967个隧道入口和547个质量运动。根据它们的位置和形态，将所有的河道划分为四种类型：源头沟、山坡沟、谷边沟和临时河道。隧道与79%的水源沟、48%的山坡沟、3%的谷边沟有关，没有短暂的河道。物质运动主要由源头沟壑中的跌落、山坡沟壑中的跌落和滑坡以及短暂河道中的土壤蠕动所主导。统计检验表明，隧道沟谷与非隧道沟谷的地貌变量存在显著差异。沟壑中隧道的形成受地形条件、土地用途、交汇点分布、土壤材料和质量运动的复杂影响。爱思唯尔出版公司(Elsevier B.V.)
Although gully development is frequently observed to be associated with piping and tunnel erosion in many parts of the world, there is a lack of detailed studies on their spatial interactions. Such studies not only contribute to developing geomorphic theories on the evolution of both hillslopes and drainage networks but also are useful to design effective control measures of erosion. The present study aims to examine the interactions between gully development and tunnel erosion in the hilly Loess Plateau region of northern China. Firstly, gullies, tunnel inlets and mass movements in the 9.1 km(2) Wangjiagou watershed were mapped through aerial photo interpretation and reconnaissance surveys. Secondly, detailed field studies were carried out to investigate the interactions between gully development and tunnel formation processes in the selected gullies. Thirdly, the physiographic variables of gullies, derived from GIS and field measurements, were analyzed to identify differences between tunneled and untunneled gullies.A total of 704 channels, 967 tunnel inlets and 547 mass movements were identified in the study watershed. On the basis of their location and morphology, all the channels were classified into four types: headwater gullies, hillside gullies, valleyside gullies and ephemeral river channels. Tunnels are associated with 79% of headwater gullies, 48% of hillside gullies, 3% of valleyside gullies and none of ephemeral river channels. Mass movements are dominated by falls in headwater gullies, falls and slides in hillside gullies, and soil creeps in ephemeral stream channels. Statistical tests indicate that there are significant differences in physiographic variables between tunneled and untunneled gullies. Tunnel formation in gullies is intricately affected by topographic conditions, land uses, knickpoint distribution, soil materials and mass movements. Published by Elsevier B.V.