Different levels of overnutrition and weight gain during pregnancy have differential effects on fetal growth and organ development
Different levels of overnutrition and weight gain during pregnancy have differential effects on fetal growth and organ development
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DOI：
10.1186/1477-7827-8-75
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发表时间：
2010-06-24
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Ford, Stephen P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
George, Lindsey A.;Uthlaut, Adam B.;Ford, Stephen P.
背景：近 50% 的美国育龄妇女超重或肥胖，这些状况与后代肥胖和糖尿病有关。方法：利用绵羊，给雌性喂食高度适口的饮食，在两个过度喂养水平下，旨在诱导受孕时以及从受孕到妊娠中期不同程度的母体体重增加和肥胖。然后在妊娠中期评估胎儿生长和器官发育，以响应这两种不同水平的过度喂养。从配种前 10 周开始直至妊娠中期，喂养母羊以达到：1) 正常增重（对照，C），2) 超重（国家研究委员会 [NRC] 建议的 125%，OW125）或 3）肥胖（NRC 建议的 150%，OB150）。研究期间在三个时间点评估体脂百分比和胰岛素敏感性：1）饮食开始，2）受孕和3）妊娠中期。对母羊进行尸检并在妊娠中期（第 78 天）恢复胎儿。结果：OB150 母羊在配种前的体脂百分比高于 OW125 母羊（P = 0.03），但在妊娠中期则不然（P = 0.37）。从饮食开始到妊娠中期，胰岛素敏感性下降（P = 0.04），OB150 母羊对葡萄糖的急性胰岛素反应往往高于 C 母羊（P = 0.09），并且高于 OW125 母羊（P = 0.02）。与 C 母羊相比，OW125 和 OB150 母羊在妊娠中期的胎儿头臀长、胸围和腹围以及胎儿肾周脂肪均增加。然而，在妊娠中期，OB150 母羊与 C 和 OW125 母羊相比，只有胎儿心脏、胰腺和肝脏重量以及胎儿肝脏的脂质含量增加 (P < 0.05)。结论：这些数据表明，不同程度的过度喂养导致孕前和怀孕期间母体体重增加和肥胖程度不同，从而对胎儿过度生长和器官发育产生不同的影响。
Background: Nearly 50% of U. S. women of child-bearing age are overweight or obese, conditions linked to offspring obesity and diabetes.Methods: Utilizing the sheep, females were fed a highly palatable diet at two levels of overfeeding designed to induce different levels of maternal body weight increase and adiposity at conception, and from conception to midgestation. Fetal growth and organ development were then evaluated at midgestation in response to these two different levels of overfeeding. Ewes were fed to achieve: 1) normal weight gain (control, C), 2) overweight (125% of National Research Council [NRC] recommendations, OW125) or 3) obesity (150% of NRC recommendations, OB150) beginning 10 wks prior to breeding and through midgestation. Body fat % and insulin sensitivity were assessed at three points during the study: 1) diet initiation, 2) conception and 3) mid-gestation. Ewes were necropsied and fetuses recovered at midgestation (day 78).Results: OB150 ewes had a higher % body fat than OW125 ewes prior to breeding (P = 0.03), but not at mid-gestation (P = 0.37). Insulin sensitivity decreased from diet initiation to mid-gestation (P = 0.04), and acute insulin response to glucose tended to be greater in OB150 ewes than C ewes (P = 0.09) and was greater than in OW125 ewes (P = 0.02). Fetal crown-rump length, thoracic and abdominal girths, and fetal perirenal fat were increased in the OW125 and OB150 versus C ewes at mid-gestation. However, only fetal heart, pancreas, and liver weights, as well as lipid content of fetal liver, were increased (P < 0.05) in OB150 ewes versus both C and OW125 ewes at midgestation.Conclusions: These data demonstrate that different levels of overfeeding, resulting in differing levels of maternal weight gain and adiposity prior to and during pregnancy, lead to differential effects on fetal overgrowth and organ development.