HOX GENES AND THE EVOLUTION OF DIVERSE BODY PLANS
HOX GENES AND THE EVOLUTION OF DIVERSE BODY PLANS
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1995.0119
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发表时间：
1995-09-29
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
AKAM, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
AKAM, M
同源框基因编码在发育过程中发挥不同作用的转录因子。它们广泛分布在真核生物中，但似乎在最早的后生动物中经历了广泛的辐射，产生了一系列现在在不同后生动物门之间共享的同源盒亚类。 Hox 基因包含这些亚家族之一，其定义是通过保守的染色体组织和表达以及序列特征来定义的。这些 Hox 基因在线虫、节肢动物、脊索动物以及大多数其他三叶细胞门中充当身体前后轴位置的标记。在节肢动物中，这种作用在节段身份的控制中表现得最为清晰。 Hox 基因究竟如何控制节段的结构尚不清楚，但它们在节段之间的差异部署为节段多样性的基础提供了模型。在节肢动物中，身体结构截然不同的远缘分类群（昆虫、甲壳类动物）可能共享同一组 Hox 基因。这些Hox基因的表达提供了一个新的特征来定义不同身体区域的同源性。昆虫和鳃足类甲壳类动物之间 Hox 基因部署的比较提出了一种推导昆虫身体规划的新模型。
Homeobox genes encode transcription factors that carry out diverse roles during development. They are widely distributed among eukaryotes, but appear to have undergone an extensive radiation in the earliest metazoa, to generate a range of homeobox subclasses now shared between diverse metazoan phyla. The Hox genes comprise one of these subfamilies, defined as much by conserved chromosomal organization and expression as by sequence characteristics. These Hox genes act as markers of position along the antero-posterior axis of the body in nematodes, arthropods, chordates, and by implication, most other triploblastic phyla. In the arthropods this role is visualized most clearly in the control of segment identity. Exactly how Hox genes control the structure of segments is not yet understood, but their differential deployment between segments provides a model for the basis of segment diversity.Within the arthropods, distantly related taxonomic groups with very different body plans (insects, crustaceans) may share the same set of Hox genes. The expression of these Hox genes provides a new character to define the homology of different body regions. Comparisons of Hox gene deployment between insects and a branchiopod crustacean suggest a novel model for the derivation of the insect body plan.