Urbanized microbiota in infants, immune constitution, and later risk of atopic diseases
Urbanized microbiota in infants, immune constitution, and later risk of atopic diseases
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.621
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发表时间：
2021-07-05
影响因子：
14.2
通讯作者：
Stokholm, Jakob
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lehtimaki, Jenni;Thorsen, Jonathan;Stokholm, Jakob
背景：城市化与哮喘和过敏症的负担增加有关。一个可能的机制是生命早期接触到的有益微生物不足，导致免疫失调，就像以前在室内微生物暴露中所显示的那样。目的：我们的目的是调查都市化是否与婴儿体内的微生物区系组成和早期免疫功能有关，以及这些是否与哮喘和特应性特征的后期风险有关。方法：对20102010名生长在不同城市化程度地区的儿童进行哥本哈根前瞻性儿童哮喘前瞻性研究。在它们生命的第一年，对呼吸道和肠道微生物以及免疫标记物浓度进行了定义。在儿童6岁时，儿科医生对哮喘和特应性症状进行了诊断。结果：在调整后的分析中，城市婴儿哮喘和空气变应原致敏的风险增加。尤其是呼吸道和肠道微生物的组成在城市和农村婴儿之间有所不同。在1个月龄时，呼吸道微生物区系的生活环境相关结构已经与免疫介体浓度相关。呼吸道和肠道微生物的城市化结构在多个时间点与哮喘风险的增加一致相关，也与湿疹和致敏的风险相关。结论：我们的发现表明，与城市化相关的婴儿微生物区系的变化可能会增加哮喘和特应性特征的风险，这可能是通过与发育中的免疫系统的相互作用来实现的。呼吸道可能有助于这种效果，因为它们开放给环境空气中的微生物定植，并作为免疫接口。(《过敏与免疫杂志》2021；148：234-43。)
Background: Urbanization is linked with an increased burden of asthma and atopic traits. A putative mechanism is insufficient exposure to beneficial microbes early in life, leading to immune dysregulation, as was previously shown for indoor microbial exposures. Objective: Our aim was to investigate whether urbanization is associated with the microbiota composition in the infants' body and early immune function, and whether these contribute to the later risk of asthma and atopic traits. Methods: We studied the prospective Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 20102010 mother-child cohort of 700 children growing up in areas with different degrees of urbanization. During their first year of life, airway and gut microbiotas, as well as immune marker concentrations, were defined. When the children were 6 years of age, asthma and atopic traits were diagnosed by pediatricians. Results: In adjusted analyses, the risk of asthma and aeroallergen sensitization were increased in urban infants. The composition of especially airway but also gut microbiotas differed between urban and rural infants. The living environment-related structure of the airway microbiota was already associated with immune mediator concentrations at 1 month of age. An urbanized structure of the airway and gut microbiotas was associated with an increased risk of asthma coherently during multiple time points and also with the risks of eczema and sensitization. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that urbanization-related changes in the infant microbiota may elevate the risk of asthma and atopic traits, probably via cross talk with the developing immune system. The airways may facilitate this effect, as they are open for colonization by environmental airborne microbes and serve as an immune interface. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021;148:234-43.)