Microbial diversity and structure in the gastrointestinal tracts of two stranded short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) and a pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps).
Microbial diversity and structure in the gastrointestinal tracts of two stranded short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) and a pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps).
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DOI：
10.1111/1749-4877.12502
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发表时间：
2021-05
影响因子：
3.3
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中科院分区：
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关于不同哺乳动物肠道微生物组组成的信息可以为哺乳动物的进化和不同宿主中微生物群落的演替提供新的见解。然而，由于采样限制，关于海洋哺乳动物，特别是鲸目动物肠道微生物组组成的信息有限。在这项研究中，我们调查了胃，中肠，和后肠的搁浅短鳍领航鲸（Globicephala macrorhynchus）和搁浅的侏儒抹香鲸（Kogia breviceps）的后肠微生物群落的多样性和组成，通过使用16 S rRNA基因扩增子测序技术。基于50个最丰富的操作分类单元，主坐标分析和非度量多维标度分析，我们证实了3头鲸鱼的肠道微生物群落是不同的。我们的研究结果显示，1头搁浅短鳍领航鲸GM 16的肠道微生物组主要由厚壁菌门（主要是梭菌属）和梭菌门组成;而另一头领航鲸GM 19的肠道微生物组由γ-变形菌门和拟杆菌门（分别主要是弧菌和拟杆菌）组成，可能是由肠道疾病和抗生素治疗引起的。侏儒抹香鲸的肠道微生物组由厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门主导。此外，不同的胃肠道区域具有不同的微生物群落结构。据我们所知，这是关于短鳍领航鲸肠道微生物组的第一份报告，我们的研究结果将扩大我们目前对鲸目动物胃肠道微生物多样性和组成的了解。领航鲸和抹香鲸的肠道微生物群落是不同的，不同的胃肠道区域具有不同的微生物群落结构。厚壁菌门和梭菌门是领航鲸的优势肠道微生物，而厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门是侏儒抹香鲸的优势肠道微生物。
Information on the gut microbiome composition of different mammals could provide novel insights into the evolution of mammals and succession of microbial communities in different hosts. However, there is limited information on the gut microbiome composition of marine mammals, especially cetaceans because of sampling constraints. In this study, we investigated the diversity and composition of microbial communities in the stomach, midgut, and hindgut of 2 stranded short‐finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) and hindgut of a stranded pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) by using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing technology. On the basis of the 50 most abundant operational taxonomic units, principal coordinate analysis, and non‐metric multidimensional scaling analysis, we confirmed that the gut microbial communities of the 3 whales were different. Our results revealed that the gut microbiome of 1 stranded short‐finned pilot whale GM16 was dominated by Firmicutes (mainly Clostridium) and Fusobacteria; whereas that of the other pilot whale GM19 was composed of Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes (mainly Vibrio and Bacteroides, respectively), probably caused by intestinal disease and antibiotic treatment. The gut microbiome of the pygmy sperm whale was dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Moreover, different gastrointestinal tract regions harbored different microbial community structures. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the gut microbiome of short‐finned pilot whales, and our findings will expand our current knowledge on microbial diversity and composition in the gastrointestinal tract of cetaceans. Gut microbial communities of the pilot and sperm whales are different, and different gastrointestinal tract regions harbored different microbial community structures. Firmicutes and Fusobacteria are the dominant gut microbes in pilot whales, whereas Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the dominant gut microbes in pygmy sperm whale.