Chilling and Host Plant/Site-Associated Eclosion Times of Western Cherry Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) and a Host-Specific Parasitoid
Chilling and Host Plant/Site-Associated Eclosion Times of Western Cherry Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) and a Host-Specific Parasitoid
复制标题
西方樱桃果蝇（双翅目：实蝇科）和寄主特异性寄生蜂的寒冷和寄主植物/地点相关的羽化时间
作者：
W. Yee;R. Goughnour;G. Hood;A. Forbes;J. Feder
摘要
西樱桃实蝇RhagoletisindiensCurran（Diptera：Tetritidae）是苦樱桃Prunusembryata（道格拉斯exHooker）Eaton的特有食草性害虫，100多年前在早果甜樱桃Prunusavium（L.）L.在此，我们测定了成虫羽化时间。甜樱桃和苦樱桃的无差异根据其各自的寄主植物的物候而不同，并且如果寄主特异性寄生蜂Diachasma muliebre（Muesebeck）（膜翅目：茧蜂科）攻击苦樱桃和甜樱桃蝇的羽化时间根据其蝇寄主的羽化物候而不同。从华盛顿州的同域和异域地点收集来自甜樱桃和苦樱桃果实的蝇腐皮，并在5°C下冷冻。由于红蜘蛛的羽化时间不同，冷时长短决定着冷虫的羽化时间，冷时长短也会影响蜂的羽化时间。为此，将蝇蛹冷冻1、2、2.5、3、4、6或8个月。苍蝇和黄蜂羽化较早，寒冷持续时间较长。甜樱桃蝇和苦樱桃蝇在华盛顿中部同域分布区的羽化时间没有差异。然而，在西北部和中部华盛顿的异地网站，苦樱桃苍蝇羽化晚于甜和苦樱桃苍蝇在同域网站。相应地，D. muliebre寄生一个更孤立的苦樱桃蝇种群羽化晚于D。muliebre寄生较早出现的甜和苦樱桃蝇种群。这些结果为D. muliebre迅速响应寄主植物的变化，由R.冷漠
ABSTRACT
The western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an endemic herbivore of bitter cherry, Prunus emarginata (Douglas ex Hooker) Eaton, but ∼100 years ago established on earlier-fruiting domesticated sweet cherry, Prunus avium (L.) L. Here, we determined if eclosion times of adult R. indifferens from sweet and bitter cherry differ according to the phenology of their respective host plants and if eclosion times of the host-specific parasitoid Diachasma muliebre (Muesebeck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) attacking bitter and sweet cherry flies differ according to the eclosion phenology of their fly hosts. Fly pupae from sweet and bitter cherry fruit were collected from sympatric and allopatric sites in Washington state, and chilled at 5°C. Because timing of eclosion in R. indifferens depends on chill duration, eclosion time in wasps could also vary with chill duration. To account for this, fly pupae were chilled for 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, or 8 mo. Both flies and wasps eclosed earlier with longer chill durations. Eclosion times of sweet and bitter cherry flies from a sympatric site in central Washington did not differ. However, at allopatric sites in northwestern and central Washington, bitter cherry flies eclosed later than sweet and bitter cherry flies at the sympatric site. Correspondingly, D. muliebre parasitizing a more isolated bitter cherry fly population eclosed later than D. muliebre parasitizing earlier-emerging sweet and bitter cherry fly populations. These results provide evidence for D. muliebre rapidly responding to changes in host plant shifts by R. indifferens.