ESTIMATING THE BENEFITS OF PUBLIC HEALTH POLICIES THAT REDUCE HARMFUL CONSUMPTION
ESTIMATING THE BENEFITS OF PUBLIC HEALTH POLICIES THAT REDUCE HARMFUL CONSUMPTION
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DOI：
10.1002/hec.3040
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Lavaty, Rosemarie A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ashley, Elizabeth M.;Nardinelli, Clark;Lavaty, Rosemarie A.
对于烟草和垃圾食品等产品，政策干预往往旨在减少消费，受影响的消费者从终身健康和寿命的改善中获得效用，但也失去与消费产品活动相关的效用。以禁烟政策为例，尽管公布的健康和长寿总收益估计比更直接的支付意愿估计方法所建议的消费者净收益高出900倍，但在成本效益和成本效益文献中几乎没有认识到，当效用损失未被扣除时，总收益估计会夸大个人福利的改善。本文提出了一个总体框架，用于分析旨在减少低效高消费的政策，并为净消费者福利效应和总消费者福利效应之间的关系提供了一个经验法则：如果存在一个合理的税收估计，使消费者能够充分内部化医疗成本，那么税收与单位长期成本的比率可以提供净收益与总收益比率的上限。2014年出版。这篇文章是美国政府的作品，在美国属于公有领域。
For products such as tobacco and junk food, where policy interventions are often designed to decrease consumption, affected consumers gain utility from improvements in lifetime health and longevity but also lose utility associated with the activity of consuming the product. In the case of anti-smoking policies, even though published estimates of gross health and longevity benefits are up to 900 times higher than the net consumer benefits suggested by a more direct willingness-to-pay estimation approach, there is little recognition in the cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness literature that gross estimates will overstate intrapersonal welfare improvements when utility losses are not netted out. This paper presents a general framework for analyzing policies that are designed to reduce inefficiently high consumption and provides a rule of thumb for the relationship between net and gross consumer welfare effects: where there exists a plausible estimate of the tax that would allow consumers to fully internalize health costs, the ratio of the tax to the per-unit long-term cost can provide an upper bound on the ratio of net to gross benefits. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.