Analysis of oat-straw salt ion accumulation and the potential for improving saline-alkali soils in coastal Hebei Province
Analysis of oat-straw salt ion accumulation and the potential for improving saline-alkali soils in coastal Hebei Province
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
Han Li
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作者：
Han Li
由于燕麦营养丰富，耐干旱、贫瘠和盐碱化，因此在世界各地被广泛种植。然而，在低纬度沿海盐碱区，燕麦种植较少。因此，燕麦对土壤盐离子的吸收和改良盐碱地的潜力的研究很少。为探讨河北沿海地区秸秆盐积累特征及燕麦改良盐碱地的潜力，采用单因素随机区组设计试验（品种和土壤盐分）对燕麦生物量、秸秆离子浓度和积累、秸秆-土壤离子浓度比进行了分析。结果表明：“巴油1号”燕麦品种开花灌浆期生物量为2.9 t.hm-2，成熟期生物量增加到3.8 t.hm-2；当“巴油1号”延迟收割20 d时，生物量产量下降到2.5 t.hm-2。“白燕2号”燕麦在低盐渍土（含盐量1.0 g.kg-1）上的生物量为3.1 t.hm-2，显著大于中盐渍土（1.7 t.hm-2）和高盐渍土（分别含2.0 g.kg-1和3.0 g.kg-1）上的生物量（0.4 t.hm-2）。中等盐度条件下，“巴油1号”生物量（3.8 t.hm-2）显著高于“白岩2号”（3.1 t.hm-2）和“花枣2号”（2.2 t.hm-2）。“巴油1号”秸秆在开花至成熟期Na+和K+浓度显著升高，Mg2+、Ca2+和Cl-浓度降低。延期收获后，秸秆离子浓度（除Ca2+外）显著下降。“白燕2号”秸秆中Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+和Cl-随土壤盐分的增加而显著增加，K+则显著降低。3个燕麦品种间Na+、K+和Mg2+含量差异显著，Ca2+和Cl-含量差异不显著。以燕麦秸秆Cl-浓度最高，其次是K++Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Na+、K+、Mg2+和Cl-积累量在成熟期最高，延迟收获后显著下降。“白岩2号”Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+和Cl-的积累量随着土壤盐分的增加而下降。除Ca2+外，3个燕麦品种间秸秆Na+、K+、Mg2+和Cl-积累均存在显著差异。“巴油1号”秸秆-土壤离子浓度比以Na++K+最高（46~63），其次是Cl-(30~46)、Mg2+(24~30)和Ca2+(3~15)。除Mg2+和Ca2+外，随着燕麦收获的推迟，这些比值显著下降。随着土壤盐分的增加，燕麦秸秆与土壤的Na++K+和Cl-比值显著下降，Ca2+比值变化不显著。不同燕麦品种秸秆-土壤离子比差异显著。理论上燕麦具有改良盐碱地的潜力，但收获时间和土壤盐度对燕麦生物量、离子浓度和积累有显著影响。此外，地下排水系统的应用对表层土壤盐分平衡的影响以及干旱对燕麦生长季盐分积累的影响还有待进一步研究。
Because oat is highly nutritious and resistant to drought,barren and saline conditions,it is extensively cultivated around world.However,there is less oat cultivation in low-latitude coastal saline areas.Therefore the absorption of soil salt ions and the potential for improvement of saline-alkali soils via oat cultivation has been rarely researched.To investigate the characteristics of straw salt accumulation and the potential for improving saline-alkali soils via oat cultivation in coastal Hebei Province,the single factor randomized block design experiments of two factors(variety and soil salinity) was analyzed for oat biomass,straw ion concentration and accumulation,and straw-soil ion concentration ratio.The results showed that variety "Bayou1" oat biomass was 2.9 t.hm-2 at flowering-filling stage,which increased to 3.8 t.hm-2 at maturity.When "Bayou1" oat harvest was delayed for 20 days,biomass yield decreased to 2.5 t.hm-2."Baiyan2" oat biomass was 3.1 t.hm-2 in low saline soils(containing 1.0 g.kg-1 salt),which was significantly greater than in medium(1.7 t.hm-2) and high(0.4 t.hm-2) saline soils(containing 2.0 g.kg-1 and 3.0 g.kg-1 salt,re-spectively).Under the medium salinity conditions,"Bayou1" biomass(3.8 t.hm-2) was significantly higher than "Baiyan2"(3.1 t.hm-2) and "Huazao2"(2.2 t.hm-2) biomass.Na+ and K+ concentrations in "Bayou1" straw from flowering to maturity stage significantly increased,while Mg2+,Ca2+ and Cl- decreased.When oat harvest was delayed,straw ion concentration(with the excepting of Ca2+) significantly dropped.Na+,Mg2+,Ca2+ and Cl- in "Baiyan2" straw significantly increased with increasing soil salinity,whild K+ significantly decreased.There were significant differences in Na+,K+ and Mg2+ concentrations among the three oat varieties,but no notable differences in Ca2+ and Cl-.Cl- concentration was highest in the oat straws,followed by K++Na+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Na+,K+,Mg2+ and Cl- accumulations in "Bayou1" straw were highest at maturity,which significantly dropped under delayed harvest.Na+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+ and Cl- accumulations in "Baiyan2" dropped with soil salinity increasing.With the exception of Ca2+,there were significant differences in straws Na+,K+,Mg2+ and Cl- accumulations among the three oat varieties.For "Bayou1" straw-soil ion concentration ratio,Na++K+ was highest(with ratio of 46~63),followed by Cl-(30~46),Mg2+(24~30) and Ca2+(3~15).With the exception of Mg2+ and Ca2+,the ratios dropped significantly when oat harvests were delayed.With soil salinity increasing,Na++K+ and Cl- ratios of oat-straw to soil significantly dropped,Ca2+ ratio changed unsignificantly.There were significant differences in straw-soil ion ratios among the oat varieties.The oat had the potential for improving saline-alkali soils in theory,but harvest time and soil salinity significantly affected oat biomass,ion concentration and accumulation.Furtherly,the influences of application of subsurface drainage system on topsoil salt balance and the effect of drought on oat salt accumulation during the oat growth season needed further research.