Prehistoric Agriculture in China: Food Globalization in Prehistory
Prehistoric Agriculture in China: Food Globalization in Prehistory
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中国史前农业：史前时期的粮食全球化
DOI：
10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.168
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Xinyi Liu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. M. Matuzeviciute;Xinyi Liu
人们普遍认为，大约在12000到8000年前，农业活动在世界不同地区独立地开始了。其中两个这样的农业中心位于现代中国，以种植植物和畜牧业为基础的系统已经发展起来。最近的调查表明，在公元前5000年至1500年之间，欧亚大陆和非洲大陆支撑着一个大陆规模的粮食“全球化”过程。在食物驯化和全球食物传播过程的叙述中，中国发挥了特别重要的作用，贡献了水稻、高粱和谷子等关键主食的驯化。在青铜器时代，小米从中国散布到欧亚大陆，成为许多古代社区必不可少的食物。相反，西南亚作物，如小麦或大麦，在中国古代人口中找到了新的栖息地，极大地改变了中国的发展进程。中国的植物驯化过程和史前农业一直是世界上许多学者广泛研究、回顾和讨论的话题，并有大量的文献。这些关于中国农业起源的发现的后果之一，是削弱了文明、农业和城市化起源于单一中心的观念，这种观念在过去是一种流行和广泛的叙述。很明显，中国的农业发展中心与新月沃地同时发生，而不是在新月沃地之后。
It is commonly recognised that farming activities initiated independently in different parts of the world between approximately 12,000 and 8,000 years ago. Two of such agricultural centres is situated in modern-day China, where systems based on the cultivation of plants and animal husbandry has developed. Recent investigations have shown that between 5000 and 1500 cal. bce, the Eurasian and African landmass underpinned a continental-scale process of food “globalisation of staple crops. In the narrative of food domestication and global food dispersal processes, China has played a particularly important role, contributing key staple food domesticates such as rice, broomcorn, and foxtail millet. The millets dispersed from China across Eurasia during the Bronze Age, becoming an essential food for many ancient communities. In counterpoise, southwest Asian crops, such as wheat or barley, found new habitats among the ancient populations of China, dramatically changing the course of its development. The processes of plant domestication and prehistoric agriculture in China have been a topic of extensive research, review, and discussion by many scholars around the world, and there is a great deal of literature on these topics. One of the consequences of these discoveries concerning the origins of agriculture in China has been to undermine the notion of a single centre of origin for civilisation, agriculture, and urbanism, which was a popular and widespread narrative in the past. It has become clear that agricultural centres of development in China were concurrent with, rather than after, the Fertile Crescent.