Gentrifying heritage: how historic preservation drives gentrification in urban Shanghai
Gentrifying heritage: how historic preservation drives gentrification in urban Shanghai
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DOI：
10.1080/13527258.2018.1460732
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发表时间：
2019-09-02
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Arkaraprasertkul，Non
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arkaraprasertkul，Non
在上海，人们不仅可以看到，而且可以生活在这座城市半殖民地遗留下来的遗迹中。这些是现存的小巷房屋，被称为“利隆”，散布在整个城市。在19世纪末至20世纪40年代中期，居住在外国定居点的城市居民建造并居住在那里。1949年共产党政府接管后没收了这些建筑，这些建筑被重新分配给社会主义工人，后来在改革开放的前20年里，为了容纳大量涌入的移民，这些建筑进行了重大改造。里龙是上海人记忆中重要的一部分。在本文中，我主要关注原始居民在利用遗产作为收入来源方面的精明，从而将其作为经济不稳定的防御手段。我认为，遗产概念的高度灵活性使得一种形式的中产阶级化不同于传统的中产阶级化，即中产阶级居民将工人阶级赶出社区。最初的工人阶级居民了解中产阶级的价值体系，他们有能力“出售”古老的里弄建筑，将其视为具有历史重要性的，最终成为中产阶级的遗产。然而，这个过程最终产生了一个类似于经典的中产阶级社区的中产阶级飞地。过去的遗迹，比如在这些看起来传统的社区中发现的那些，帮助原居民在过去三十年市场驱动的中国城市经济造成的急剧社会变化中导航。
In Shanghai, one can not only see, but live in the remnants of the city’s semi-colonial legacy. These are the remaining lane houses known aslilong thatare scattered throughout the city. Urbanites living in foreign settlements built them and resided there between the late nineteenth century to the mid 1940s. Confiscated by the Communist government upon its takeover in 1949, these buildings were redistributed to socialist workers and later on heavily altered to accommodate the massive influx of migrants during the first two decades of the opening up and reform era. The lilong houses are an important part of the memories of local Shanghainese residents. In this paper, I look primarily at the original residents’ savviness in capitalising on heritage as a source of income and thereby using it as a defence against economic precariousness. I argue that the high level of flexibility of the notion of heritage enables a form of gentrification that differs from classic gentrification whereby middle-class residents push the working class out of a neighbourhood. The original working-class residents who understand the value system of the middle class are those profiting thanks to their ability to ‘sell’ the old lilong buildings as historically important and ultimately as middle-class heritage. This process, however, eventually produces a middle-class enclave similar to that of a classic gentrified neighbourhood. The remnants of the past such as those found in these traditional-looking neighbourhoods facilitate original residents’ navigation of the abrupt social changes wrought by the market-driven urban Chinese economy of the past three decades.