Glia Accumulate Evidence that Actions Are Futile and Suppress Unsuccessful Behavior
Glia Accumulate Evidence that Actions Are Futile and Suppress Unsuccessful Behavior
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.050
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发表时间：
2019-06-27
期刊：
影响因子：
64.5
通讯作者：
Ahrens, Misha B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mu, Yu;Bennett, Davis, V;Ahrens, Misha B.
当一种行为一再无法实现其目标时，动物通常会放弃并变得被动，这对保存能量或在两次尝试之间重新组合具有战略意义。目前尚不清楚大脑如何识别行为失败和这种行为状态转换。在虚拟现实中游泳的斑马鱼幼鱼，视觉反馈可能会被抑制，因此游泳尝试无法触发预期的视觉流动。在这种运动无效的几十秒后，动物在类似的持续时间内变得被动。全脑钙成像显示去甲肾上腺素能神经元对失败的游泳尝试有特殊反应，放射状星形胶质细胞的钙水平随着失败尝试次数的增加而积累。通过细胞消融和光发生或化学发生激活，我们发现去甲肾上腺素能神经元逐渐激活脑干放射状星形胶质细胞，从而抑制游泳。因此，放射状星形胶质细胞执行对行为至关重要的计算：它们积累证据，证明当前的行为是驱动的，从而推动行为状态的变化。
When a behavior repeatedly fails to achieve its goal, animals often give up and become passive, which can be strategic for preserving energy or regrouping between attempts. It is unknown how the brain identifies behavioral failures and this behavioral-state switch. In larval zebrafish swimming in virtual reality, visual feedback can be withheld so that swim attempts fail to trigger expected visual flow. After tens of seconds of such motor futility, animals became passive for similar durations. Whole-brain calcium imaging revealed noradrenergic neurons that responded specifically to failed swim attempts and radial astrocytes whose calcium levels accumulated with increasing numbers of failed attempts. Using cell ablation and optogenetic or chemogenetic activation, we found that noradrenergic neurons progressively activated brainstem radial astrocytes, which then suppressed swimming. Thus, radial astrocytes perform a computation critical for behavior: they accumulate evidence that current actions are drive and consequently drive changes in behavioral states.