Validation of Galileo orbits using SLR with a focus on satellites launched into incorrect orbital planes
Validation of Galileo orbits using SLR with a focus on satellites launched into incorrect orbital planes
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DOI：
10.1007/s00190-017-1050-x
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发表时间：
2018-02
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
K. Sośnica;L. Prange;K. Kaźmierski;G. Bury;M. Drożdżewski;R. Zajdel;T. Hadaś
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Sośnica;L. Prange;K. Kaźmierski;G. Bury;M. Drożdżewski;R. Zajdel;T. Hadaś
欧洲全球导航卫星系统伽利略的空间部分由在轨验证和全面运行能力航天器组成。第一对FOC卫星被发射到一个不正确的，高度偏心的轨道平面，其倾角低于标称倾角。所有伽利略卫星都配备了卫星激光测距后向反射器，例如，可用于评估轨道质量或在空间进行激光测距-全球导航卫星系统共址。由于国际激光测距服务组织发起了一系列专门用于对全球导航卫星系统卫星进行激光测距跟踪的密集活动，伽利略卫星的激光测距观测次数不断增加。本文利用SLR数据对伽利略卫星的系统效应和质量进行了评估，主要关注伽利略卫星发射到错误的轨道上。我们比较了SLR观测与欧洲轨道确定中心（CODE）在2014.0-2016.5期间国际GNSS服务多GNSS实验框架内生成的基于微波的伽利略轨道。我们分析了SLR签名效应，其特征在于SLR残差的依赖性相对于各种入射角的激光束站配备单光子和多光子探测器。令人惊讶的是，在不正确的轨道平面中的卫星的CODE轨道质量并不比标称FOC和IOV轨道差。SLR残差的RMS对于不正确轨道平面中的卫星甚至分别比FOC和IOV卫星低5.0和1.5 mm。对于IOV、FOC和处于错误轨道平面内的卫星，平均SLR偏移量等于和mm。最后，我们发现，经验轨道模型，这是最初设计的精确的轨道确定的GNSS卫星在圆形轨道，提供完全适当的结果也为高偏心轨道与可变的线速度和角速度。
The space segment of the European Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Galileo consists of In-Orbit Validation (IOV) and Full Operational Capability (FOC) spacecraft. The first pair of FOC satellites was launched into an incorrect, highly eccentric orbital plane with a lower than nominal inclination angle. All Galileo satellites are equipped with satellite laser ranging (SLR) retroreflectors which allow, for example, for the assessment of the orbit quality or for the SLR–GNSS co-location in space. The number of SLR observations to Galileo satellites has been continuously increasing thanks to a series of intensive campaigns devoted to SLR tracking of GNSS satellites initiated by the International Laser Ranging Service. This paper assesses systematic effects and quality of Galileo orbits using SLR data with a main focus on Galileo satellites launched into incorrect orbits. We compare the SLR observations with respect to microwave-based Galileo orbits generated by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) in the framework of the International GNSS Service Multi-GNSS Experiment for the period 2014.0–2016.5. We analyze the SLR signature effect, which is characterized by the dependency of SLR residuals with respect to various incidence angles of laser beams for stations equipped with single-photon and multi-photon detectors. Surprisingly, the CODE orbit quality of satellites in the incorrect orbital planes is not worse than that of nominal FOC and IOV orbits. The RMS of SLR residuals is even lower by 5.0 and 1.5 mm for satellites in the incorrect orbital planes than for FOC and IOV satellites, respectively. The mean SLR offsets equal, andmm for IOV, FOC, and satellites in the incorrect orbital plane. Finally, we found that the empirical orbit models, which were originally designed for precise orbit determination of GNSS satellites in circular orbits, provide fully appropriate results also for highly eccentric orbits with variable linear and angular velocities.