Mao ZeDong's On Contradiction and On Practice: Pre-Liberation Texts
Mao ZeDong's On Contradiction and On Practice: Pre-Liberation Texts
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毛泽东的《矛盾论与实践论：解放前文本》
DOI：
10.1017/s0305741000012595
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发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nick Knight
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nick Knight
尽管文革期间红卫兵出版了大量毛泽东以前不为人知的作品，但解放前没有他的“著名哲学论文”《矛盾论》和《实践论》的版本从那个来源曝光。赤卫队材料中的这一空白可能被认为是重要的，证实了一些人的怀疑，即这些文章实际上没有解放前的版本，并更确凿地显示了中国人声称这些文章最初是在1937年写的谎言。亚瑟科恩，也许是对毛泽东作为哲学家的“独创性”最激烈的批评者，在1964年认为这两篇文章都是在1950年至1952年期间写的，中国的说法“似乎是欺骗性的”。杜林和戈拉斯还质疑中国声称《矛盾论》是毛泽东在1937年写的。在这两种情况下，伪造写作日期的动机被解释为希望将毛泽东作为马克思主义理论家的地位追溯到延安时期早期。然而，施拉姆和维特福格尔都接受了《矛盾论》和《实践论》可能写于1937年的可能性，同时也不否认1950年和1952年的文本可能是对早期作品的重大修改。事实上，施拉姆认为，毛泽东的《辩证唯物主义讲义》、《实践论》和《矛盾论》属于“一个单一的智力事业，即毛泽东从1936年7月第一次接触马克思主义哲学基础到1937年9月日本进攻使他的注意力转向更实际的东西，一直试图接受马克思主义的哲学基础。”
Despite the flood of Mao's previously unknown works released by Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution, no pre-liberation versions of his “celebrated philosophical essays” On Contradiction and On Practice came to light from that source. This gap in the Red Guard material may have been viewed as significant, confirming suspicions held by some that there were in fact no pre-liberation versions of these essays, and showing more conclusively the mendacity of the Chinese claim that they were originally written in 1937. Arthur Cohen, perhaps the most vociferous critic of Mao's “originality” as philosopher, argued in 1964 that both essays had been written in the period 1950 to 1952, and that the Chinese claim “appears to be fraudulent.” Doolin and Golas also contest the Chinese claim that On Contradiction was written by Mao in 1937. In both cases, the motivation for this falsification of the date of composition is interpreted as being the desire to backdate Mao's status as a Marxist theoretician to the early Yan'an period. Schram and Wittfogel, however, have both accepted the possibility that On Contradiction and On Practice could have been written in 1937, while not denying that the 1950 and 1952 texts could represent heavily revised versions of earlier pieces. Schram, in fact, has argued that Mao's Lecture Notes on Dialectical Materialism, On Practice and On Contradiction belonged to “a single intellectual enterprise, namely Mao's attempt to come to terms with the philosophical basis of Marxism from the time he was first exposed to it in July 1936 until the Japanese attack of September 1937 turned his attention to more practical things.”