Effect of processing of cereals on rumen fermentation, digestibility, rumination time, and firmness of subcutaneous fat in lambs
Effect of processing of cereals on rumen fermentation, digestibility, rumination time, and firmness of subcutaneous fat in lambs
复制标题
谷物加工对羔羊瘤胃发酵、消化率、反刍时间和皮下脂肪硬度的影响
DOI：
10.1079/bjn19740058
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发表时间：
1974
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
J. G. Gordon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Orskov;C. Fraser;J. G. Gordon
1. 通过五次羔羊实验，研究了谷物加工对瘤胃代谢、生理和病理方面的影响。三个实验研究了含有松散全麦、粒状全粒或粒状碾压大麦的日粮对瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸比率、瘤胃 pH 值和消化率的影响。在第四个实验中，在相同的测量条件下，研究了将整颗大麦、玉米、燕麦或小麦制粒与饲喂松散形式的全谷物相比的效果。其中两项实验测量了皮下脂肪的硬度，其中一项实验注射了氰钴胺或羟钴胺，另一项实验则在饮食中添加了两种水平的钴。在第五个实验中，评估了与饲喂松散的全谷物相比，制粒全大麦对反刍时间的影响。 2.当日粮中含有松散混合物的全大麦以及含有全玉米、燕麦或小麦时，与提供颗粒日粮时观察到的比例相比，瘤胃液中乙酸的比例显着增加，丙酸的比例下降。 3.饲喂基于碾压大麦或整粒大麦的颗粒饲料时，瘤胃液的pH值没有显着变化，但当以松散形式饲喂大麦、玉米、燕麦或小麦时，与颗粒饲料相比，pH值增加约1个单位。对于所有谷物来说，pH 值的增加都与瘤胃炎的完全消除有关，除了燕麦饲料外，瘤胃炎在颗粒饲料中总是很明显。 4. 一般来说，消化率并没有受到加工的太大影响，并且在两个实验中没有显着差异。在一项实验中，颗粒化的整粒大麦比颗粒化的大麦更容易消化。在另一项实验中，与颗粒状小麦相比，整粒和松散喂食的大麦的消化率略高，而全麦的消化率则低于颗粒状小麦。大麦、玉米、燕麦和小麦的平均有机物消化率分别为0.791、0.832、0.687和0.846。 5、注射维生素B12和饮食中补充钴对皮下脂肪的紧实度没有任何影响。饲喂含有松散全大麦的日粮会增加皮下脂肪的硬度，这与瘤胃液中丙酸比例的降低有关。 6.饲喂松散的全大麦而不是颗粒状的全大麦导致反刍时间从3.6小时/24小时增加到6.6小时。
1. The effects of processing cereals on aspects of rumen metabolism, physiology and pathology were investigated in five experiments with lambs. Three experiments studied the effects of diets containing loose whole, pelleted whole or pelleted rolled barley on rumen volatile fatty acid ratios, rumen pH and digestibility. In a 4th experiment the effects, on the same measurements, of pelleting whole barley, maize, oats or wheat compared to feeding the whole grains in the loose form were studied. The firmness of subcutaneous fat was measured in two of these experiments when injections of cyanocobalamin or hydroxycobalamin were given and in one experiment when the diets were supplemented with two levels of cobalt. In a 5th experiment, the effect on rumination time of pelleting whole barley compared to feeding loose whole grain was assessed. 2. When the diet contained whole barley in a loose mix and also when it contained whole maize, oats or wheat, the proportion of acetic acid in the rumen fluid was significantly increased and that of propionic acid decreased in comparison with the proportions observed when the pelleted diets were offered. 3. The pH of the rumen liquor was not significantly changed by feeding pellets based on rolled or whole barley, but when barley, maize, oats or wheat was given in loose form, there was an increase in the pH by about 1 unit in comparison with the pelleted diets. This increase in pH was, for all cereals, associated with complete elimination of ruminitis which, except for the oat diet, was always apparent with the pelleted feeds. 4. In general the digestibilities were not affected greatly by processing and in two experiments there were no significant differences. In one experiment pelleted whole barley was better digested than pelleted rolled barley. In another experiment the digestibility of barley was slightly greater when it was fed whole and loose compared to pelleted, while the digestibility of whole wheat was less than that of pelleted wheat. The mean digestibilities of organic matter for barley, maize, oats and wheat were 0.791, 0.832, 0.687 and 0.846 respectively. 5. Neither injections of vitamin B12 nor cobalt supplementation of the diet had any effect on the firmness of subcutaneous fat. Feeding diets containing loose whole barley increased the firmness of the subcutaneous fat, and this was associated with a decrease in the proportion of propionic acid in the rumen fluid. 6. The feeding of loose whole barley instead of pelleted whole barley caused an increase in time of rumination from 3.6 to 6.6 h/24 h.