Phialide arrangement and character evolution in the helotialean anamorph genera Cadophora and Phialocephala
Phialide arrangement and character evolution in the helotialean anamorph genera Cadophora and Phialocephala
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DOI：
10.3852/11-059
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Currah, Randolph S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Day, Melissa J.;Hall, Jocelyn C.;Currah, Randolph S.
暗色丝孢菌属Cadadhora和Phialocephala是与无菌盘孢子菌相关的变形菌，它们是根据菌丝排列的复杂性来描述的，Cadadhora的成员产生单独的菌丝，而Phialocephata的物种产生复杂的多个菌头。第三个在系统发育上有亲缘关系的分类群，Leptodonidium orchidicola，主要产生不裂的分生孢子，可能代表不起作用的分生孢子。根据rDNA ITS序列的分子系统发育分析所显示的关系，重新研究了这些真菌和其他真菌的有性和无性状态的形态特征，以确定菲兰德排列的进化意义。Phialocephala的焦点种形成了一个单系分支，而包括该模式在内的6种Cadadhara中的5种与L.archidicola处于一个单独的支系中。Firdandica与Mehniornyces和Rhizosypas种被归入第三个分支。我们假设Cadadhora和Phialocephata的物种的祖先状态是产生多个Pialalidae的硬骨塔状头部，这在大多数可归类于Phialocephata的物种中都保留了下来。在导致包含多数Cadhora种的支系的谱系中，发生了向单生Pialide的退化。确定了两种可能的非功能性苯环内酯的还原：一种在Melinimyces-C中。Finlandica-Chloridium pancisporum分支和兰花属和Mollisia“嗜根性”分支中的另一个分支。在含有C.fintandica和CH的支系中，可能发生了向增加的菲尔内酯类复杂性的逆转。少孢子菌。我们的数据和分析还表明，真核形态和无性型形态之间存在一种以前未被认识到的关系，即具有较小ASCI的莫利西亚物种将具有Phialocephata状态，而具有较大ASCI的物种将具有Cadadhora状态。在形态和系统发育位置上，兰花夜蛾和冬眠夜蛾分别被转移到Cadadhom和Phialocephata。
The dematiaceous hyphomycete genera Cadophora and Phialocephala, are anamorphs associated with mollisioid inoperculate discomycetes (Helotiales) and are delineated based on the complexity of the phialide arrangement with members of Cadophora producing solitary phialides and species of Phialocephata producing complex heads of multiple phiatides. A third phylogenetically related taxon, Leptodoniidium orchidicola, produces mostly indehiscent conidia that may represent non-functional phialides. Morphological characteristics of both sexual and asexual states of these and other fungi in a focal group of helotialean taxa were re-examined, in light of relationships shown by molecular phylogenetic analyses of rDNA ITS sequences, to determine the evolutionary significance of phialide arrangement. The focal species of Phialocephala formed a monophylefic clade, while five of six species of Cadophara including the type were in a separate clade along with L. archidicola. C. firdandica was placed in a third clade with species of Mehniornyces and Rhizoscyphas. We hypothesized that the ancestral state for species in Cadophora and Phialocephata is the production of sclerodurn-like heads of multiple phialides, which has been retained in most species assignable to Phialocephata. A reduction to solitary phialides occurred in the lineage leading to the clade containing most of the Cadophora species. Two possible reductions to non-functional phialides were identified: one in the Meliniomyces-C. finlandica-Chloridium pancisporum clade and another in the L. orchidicola and Mollisia "rhizophila" clade. A reversion to increased phialide complexity might have occurred in the clade containing C. fintandica and Ch. paucisporum. Our data and analyses also show a previously unrecognized relationship between teleomorph and anamorph morphology in that Mollisia species with smaller asci would be expected to have Phialocephata states while those with larger asci would be expected to have Cadophora states. Based on morphology and phylogenetic placement, L. orchidicola and C. hiberna are transferred respectively to Cadophom and Phialocephata.