Rifaximin - a novel antimicrobial for enteric infections
Rifaximin - a novel antimicrobial for enteric infections
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jinf.2004.05.019
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
28.2
通讯作者：
DuPont, HL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang, DB;DuPont, HL
利福昔明是一种吸收不良的利福霉素抗菌药物，对革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌和厌氧菌具有体外活性。抑制90%细菌病原体菌株的最低浓度（MIC90）范围在32至64 μ g/ml之间。口服给药后，只有不到1%的药物被吸收。治疗三天后，这种药物的平均粪便水平为8000 mug/g粪便。选择耐药突变体，与相关的利福平的问题，似乎是不寻常的利福昔明。利福昔明可缩短旅行者腹泻和非腹泻性腹泻的持续时间，这些疾病是由肠源性、肠聚集性E。大肠杆菌和宋内志贺氏菌，而不显著改变需氧粪便植物群，并且没有重要的副作用。该药物已成功用于小肠细菌过度生长综合征和肝性脑病的初步研究。为了解释该药物对细菌性腹泻的有益作用，而不改变结肠植物群或高病原体根除率，利福昔明可能对小肠而不是结肠中的病原体更具活性，和/或除了生物体抑制外，该药物可能改变肠道病原体的毒力。(C)2004年，英国传染病学会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Rifaximin is a poorly absorbed rifamycin antimicrobial drug with in vitro activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria. The minimal concentration that inhibits 90% of strains of bacterial pathogens (MIC90) ranges between 32 and 64 mug/ml. Less than 1% of the drug is absorbed after oral administration. After three days of therapy, the average fecal level of this drug is 8000 mug/g of stool. Selection of resistant mutants, a problem with the related rifampin, appears to be unusual with rifaximin. Rifaximin shortens the duration of travelers' diarrhea and non-dysenteric diarrheal illness due to enterotoxigenic, enteroaggregative E. coli and Shigella sonnei without major alteration of aerobic fecal flora and without important side effects. The drug has been successfully used in preliminary studies of small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome and hepatic encephalopathy. To explain the beneficial effect of the drug on bacterial diarrhea without change in colonic flora or high rates of pathogen eradication, rifaximin may be more active against pathogens in the small bowel rather than the colon and/or the drug may alter the virulence of enteric pathogens in addition to organism inhibition. (C) 2004 The British Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.