The effect of bunch shading on berry development and flavonoid accumulation in Shiraz grapes
The effect of bunch shading on berry development and flavonoid accumulation in Shiraz grapes
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1755-0238.2004.tb00008.x
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Robinson, SP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Downey, MO;Harvey, JS;Robinson, SP
在开花前将不透明盒子应用于设拉子葡萄串，以确定阳光对浆果发育和黄酮类化合物积累的影响。这些盒子的设计目的是保持空气流通，同时隔绝光线，从而最大限度地减少温度和湿度的变化。遮荫对糖分积累没有显着影响，并且在研究的三个季节中有两个季节对浆果重量没有影响。阴影果实中的叶绿素浓度要低得多，在转色之前呈浅黄色。阴影串中的果实颜色正常，三个季节中的两个季节花青素含量没有显着变化。编码UDP葡萄糖类黄酮-3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶（UFGT）的基因（UFGT）是花青素合成的关键基因，其表达在转色期后增加，并且在遮荫和暴露的果实中表达相似。阴影果实中的花青素组成发生了变化，其双氧花青素、矢车菊苷和芍药苷的糖苷比例较高。遮荫对成熟果实的果皮或种子中的缩合单宁水平没有显着影响。遮荫显着降低了葡萄皮中黄酮醇的含量。在暴露的果实中，黄酮醇浓度在开花期间最高，然后随着浆果生长而下降，但在成熟过程中每个浆果的黄酮醇浓度增加。当开花前施用盒子时，在整个浆果发育过程中，遮荫果实的黄酮醇含量要低得多，而收获时的黄酮醇含量还不到暴露果实的 10%。在暴露的葡萄中，编码黄酮醇合酶（FLS）的基因在开花和成熟过程中表达，但在遮荫的果实中其表达大大降低。结果表明，遮荫对浆果的发育和成熟影响不大，包括花青素和单宁的积累，但显着降低了黄酮醇的合成。
Opaque boxes were applied to bunches of Shiraz grapes prior to flowering to determine the effect of sunlight on berry development and accumulation of flavonoids. The boxes were designed to maintain airflow while excluding light and thus to minimise changes in temperature and humidity. There was no significant effect of shading on sugar accumulation and in two of the three seasons studied there was no effect on berry weight. Chlorophyll concentration was much lower in the shaded fruit, which appeared pale yellow until veraison. The fruit coloured normally in the shaded bunches and in two of the three seasons there was no significant change in anthocyanin content. Expression of the gene encoding UDPglucose flavonoid-3-O-glucosyl transferase (UFGT), a key gene in anthocyanin synthesis, increased after veraison and was similar in both shaded and exposed fruit. Anthocyanin composition was altered in the shaded fruit, which had a greater proportion of the dioxygenated anthocyanins, the glucosides of cyanidin and peonidin. Shading had no significant effect on the levels of condensed tannins in the skin or seeds of ripe fruit. Shading significantly reduced the levels of flavonols in the grape skin. In the exposed fruit, flavonol concentration was highest around flowering then declined as the berries grew, but there was an increase in flavonols per berry during ripening. When the boxes were applied before flowering, shaded fruit had much lower levels of flavonols throughout berry development and at harvest the level of flavonols were less than 10% of that in exposed fruit. A gene encoding flavonol synthase (FLS) was expressed at flowering and during ripening in exposed grapes but its expression was greatly reduced in shaded fruit. The results indicate that shading had little effect on berry development and ripening, including accumulation of anthocyanins and tannins, but significantly decreased flavonol synthesis.