Domestic content in China's exports and its distribution by firm ownership
Domestic content in China's exports and its distribution by firm ownership
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中国出口产品的国内含量及其按企业所有制分布
DOI：
10.1016/j.jce.2014.11.006
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Zhu, Kunfu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ma, Hong;Wang, Zhi;Zhu, Kunfu
加工贸易和外商投资企业（FIEs）占中国出口总额的很大份额。在生产出口产品时，它们还不成比例地使用进口投入，这使得出口产品中国内含量的衡量和出口收入的分配变得复杂。在本文中，我们扩展了Koopman等人（2012）开发的方法，以进一步区分中国的外商投资企业和中国国有企业（COEs）的出口，以及加工和正常出口。我们提出了一个会计框架和一个详细的估计程序，分别核算外商投资企业和国有独资企业的生产和贸易活动。首先，我们按企业类型将出口总额分解为国内和国外含量。然后，我们估计要素所有权的企业类型的基础上，企业调查。最后，我们计算了国内含量的分布要素所有权。经验估计是根据中国2007年的基准投入产出表，辅以详细的贸易和生产统计数据。结合国家统计局的企业调查数据和海关企业层面的贸易数据，识别了各行业内企业的异质性。2007年的实证结果表明：（1）国内成分占总出口的59%左右;（2）在华外资企业创造了中国出口中近45%的国内成分，而加工型国有企业的贡献不到5%;（3）在收入分配方面，中国出口价值的52.6%左右被外国要素所有者捕获。(C)2014比较经济研究协会。爱思唯尔公司出版All rights reserved.
Processing trade and foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) account for a large share of total Chinese exports. In producing exports, they also use imported inputs disproportionately, which complicates the measurement of domestic content embedded in exports and the distribution of income generated from exports. In this paper, we extend the method developed by Koopman et al. (2012) to further distinguish between Chinese exports by FIEs and Chinese-owned enterprises (COEs), in addition to processing and normal exports. We propose an accounting framework and a detailed estimation procedure that separately account for the production and trade activities of FIEs and COEs. First, we decompose gross exports into domestic and foreign content by firm types. Then, we estimate factor ownership by firm types based on enterprise surveys. Finally, we compute the distribution of domestic content by factor ownership. Empirical estimation is based on China's 2007 benchmark input-output tables, supplemented by detailed trade and production statistics. Firm heterogeneity within each industry is identified by linking the NBS enterprises survey and the Customs' firm-level trade data. The empirical results from 2007 indicate the following: (1) domestic content accounted for around 59% of total exports; (2) FIEs operating in China created nearly 45% of the domestic content in Chinese exports, whereas processing COEs only contributed by less than 5%; (3) in terms of income distribution, about 52.6% of the value of Chinese exports was captured by foreign factor owners. (C) 2014 Association for Comparative Economic Studies. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.