Competition among causes but not effects in predictive and diagnostic learning
Competition among causes but not effects in predictive and diagnostic learning
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.26.1.53
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Waldmann, MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Waldmann, MR
因果不对称是物理世界最基本的特征之一：原因产生结果，但不是相反。这篇文章是一个辩论的一部分之间的观点，原则上，人们在学习过程中的因果方向性（因果模型理论）和认为，学习主要涉及获取线索和结果之间的关联，无论其因果关系的作用（联想理论）。四个实验，使用不对称的线索竞争，以区分这些意见。这些实验表明，相反的联想帐户，线索竞争与因果关系的地位，人们能够区分预测和诊断推理。额外的影响，cabinet模型理论的阐述和实证检验对替代帐户。结果一致有利于尾流模型理论。
Causal asymmetry is one of the most fundamental features of the physical world: Causes produce effects, but not vice versa. This article is part of a debate between the view that, in principle, people are sensitive to causal directionality during learning (causal-model theory) and the view that learning primarily involves acquiring associations between cues and outcomes irrespective of their causal role (associative theories). Four experiments are presented that use asymmetries of cue competition to discriminate between these views. These experiments show that, contrary to associative accounts, cue competition interacts with causal status and that people are capable of differentiating between predictive and diagnostic inferences. Additional implications of causal-model theory are elaborated and empirically tested against alternative accounts. The results uniformly favor causal-model theory.