Relative Positioning for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications-Enabled Vehicle Safety Applications
Relative Positioning for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications-Enabled Vehicle Safety Applications
复制标题
支持车对车通信的车辆安全应用的相对定位
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Bancroft
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Basnayake;G. Lachapelle;J. Bancroft
使用无线技术来实现所有道路用户实体之间的通信通常被称为V2X或车辆到实体连接。使用V2X通信让每个人都知道彼此，被认为是减少道路事故和交通拥堵负面影响的一种有前途的方法。根据美国交通部（USDOT）的统计，道路交通事故是成年人死亡的主要原因，并且道路交通事故每年也具有超过2000亿美元的直接经济成本。这还不包括与交通拥堵相关的时间和资源损失，估计每年损失42亿小时。估计给定实体相对于另一实体的位置的能力是所有V2X应用中的关键要求。因此，定位和无线通信能力可以被认为是V2X的两个关键组成部分。随着技术的进步，基于V2X感知的咨询和警告应用可能会扩展到各种级别的车辆控制，从避免碰撞到全自动驾驶。全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）被认为是最适合V2X的核心定位技术。这意味着对基于全球导航卫星系统的定位有严格的准确性、可靠性和可用性要求。先前的研究和开发工作已经研究了用于V2X应用的基于GNSS的相对定位的各种方法。这些努力已经证实，使用简化的方法可能不一定提供具有不同GNSS硬件、软件和其他可变性的现实环境中所需的鲁棒操作。基于全球导航卫星系统的相对定位技术已被视为克服其中一些互操作性问题的替代方案。所提出的工作说明了在V2X相对定位的相对模式下使用GNSS码测量和多普勒测量的优点和缺点。考虑到基于载波相位的方法（诸如实时动态（RTK））受到周跳的影响，仅使用码测量或使用码和多普勒测量是更有吸引力的相对定位方法，其也更易于实现。
Use of wireless technology to enable communications between all road user entities is generally termed V2X or Vehicle-to-Entity connectivity. Use of V2X communications to make everyone aware of each other is seen as a promising approach to reduce the negative implications of road accidents and traffic congestion. According to United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) statistics, roadway accidents are the leading cause of death for adults and roadway accidents also have a direct economic cost of over $200 billion per year. This is in addition to the time and resource loss associated with traffic congestion, resulting in a total estimated 4.2 billion lost hours per year. The capability to estimate the position of a given entity with respect to another is a critical requirement in all V2X applications. Therefore, positioning and wireless communication capabilities can be considered the two critical building blocks of V2X. As the technology progresses, V2X-based awareness based advisory and warning applications may be extended to various levels of vehicle control, ranging from crash avoidance to fully automated driving. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is considered the most suitable core positioning technology for V2X. This implies strict accuracy, reliability and availability requirements for GNSS-based positioning. Previous research and development efforts have looked at various methods of GNSS-based relative positioning for V2X applications. These efforts have confirmed that using simplified methods may not necessarily provide the robust operation needed in a real-life environment with different GNSS hardware, software, and other variability. GNSS based relative positioning techniques have been considered as an alternative to overcome some of these interoperability issues. The presented work illustrates the pros and cons of using GNSS code measurements and Doppler measurements, in relative mode for V2X relative positioning. Given that carrier phase based methods such as Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) are subject to cycle slips, using code measurements only or code and Doppler measurements is a more attractive method of relative positioning that is also simpler to implement.