Mechanisms Modeling the Double Rotation of the Elytra in Beetles (Coleoptera)
Mechanisms Modeling the Double Rotation of the Elytra in Beetles (Coleoptera)
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DOI：
10.1016/s1672-6529(11)60045-0
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Frantsevich, Leonid
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Frantsevich, Leonid
我们记录了甲虫鞘翅目的瞬时运动，即打开和关闭。这些甲虫被从下面拴住，在一个倾斜的镜子下拍摄；两个标记被粘在每个Elytron的顶端和底部。重建了根尖标记和基底标记的体部固定的3D痕迹。基本标记的轨迹通常与顶端轨迹不平行。在根尖标志物内收的过程中，电刀的肋缘均匀地旋后。我们发现了双旋转的两个基本属性：(1)电子加速器对身体的关节近似为球面机构；(2)瞬时打开和关闭具有单自由度。用两种机制模拟了双旋转：(1)Haas和Wootton类型的Flexagon模型模拟了相对于Flexagon一个小平面的运动；(2)螺丝和螺母模型提供了螺旋线的两个扇区的轨迹，一个扇区相对于另一个扇区相移。球面机构中的螺旋导轨会产生误差。给出了球面双导轨机构的精确解。建模揭示了属性(3)：Elytron由两个链接但方向不同的驱动器驱动。对电子加速器与人体关节的实验研究可能是探索这些机制的方向。
We recorded transient movements, i.e. opening and closing, of beetle elytra. The beetles were tethered from below and filmed under a skew mirror; two markers were glued on each elytron at the apex and at the base. Body-fixed 3D traces of the apical and basal markers were reconstructed. The trace of the basal marker was, as a rule, non-parallel to the apical trace. The costal edge of the elytron uniformly supinated in the course of adduction of the apical marker. We found two essential attributes of double rotation: (1) the elytron to body articulation is approximately a spherical mechanism; (2) transient opening and closing possess single degree of freedom. The double rotation was modeled with two mechanisms: (1) a flexagon model of the Haas and Wootton's type simulated the elytral movement relative to the movement of one facet of the flexagon; (2) a screw and nut model provided traces as two sectors of a helical thread, one sector was phase shifted with respect to other one. Screw guideways in a spherical mechanism give rise to discrepancies. Exact solution for a spherical mechanism with two guideways was proposed. The modeling revealed the attribute (3): the elytron is actuated by two linked but differently directed drives. Experimental investigations on the elytron to body articulation may be oriented at search of those mechanisms.