DENSITY-DEPENDENT NATURAL-SELECTION AND TRADE-OFFS IN LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS
DENSITY-DEPENDENT NATURAL-SELECTION AND TRADE-OFFS IN LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1907401
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发表时间：
1991-07-26
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
AYALA, FJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MUELLER, LD;GUO, PZ;AYALA, FJ
密度依赖自然选择理论认为，在极端的人口密度下，由于权衡，进化产生了不同的生活史。这种权衡被认为是因为那些在高种群密度下具有最高适应性的基因型在低密度下也不会具有高适应性，反之亦然。这些预测进行了测试，从6个种群的果蝇保持在低人口密度（r-种群）近200代，并把它们放在拥挤的文化（K-种群）的样本。在密集培养25代后，衍生的K-群体显示出相对于对照在高密度下提高的生长速率和生产力，但在低密度下被抑制。
Theories of density-dependent natural selection state that at extreme population densities evolution produces alternative life histories due to trade-offs. The trade-offs are presumed to arise because those genotypes with highest fitness at high population densities will not also have high fitness at low density and vice-versa. These predictions were tested by taking samples from six populations of Drosophila melanogaster kept at low population densities (r-populations) for nearly 200 generations and placing them in crowded cultures (K-populations). After 25 generations in the crowded cultures, the derived K-populations showed growth rate and productivity that at high densities were elevated relative to the controls, but at low density were depressed.