Search for Nearby Earth Analogs. II. Detection of Five New Planets, Eight Planet Candidates, and Confirmation of Three Planets around Nine Nearby M Dwarfs
Search for Nearby Earth Analogs. II. Detection of Five New Planets, Eight Planet Candidates, and Confirmation of Three Planets around Nine Nearby M Dwarfs
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搜索附近的地球类似物。
DOI：
10.3847/1538-4365/ab5e7c
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
I. Thompson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Feng;R. P. Butler;S. Shectman;J. Crane;S. Vogt;J. Chambers;H. Jones;S. Wang;J. Teske;J. Burt;M. Díaz;I. Thompson
从2000年到2007年3月，Zechmeister等人用VLT2和紫外和可视梯队光谱仪（UVES）调查了38个附近的M矮星。最近对这些数据进行了重新分析，显著提高了多普勒速度精度。受此启发，我们将UVES数据与高精度径向速度行星搜索器、麦哲伦/行星探测光谱仪和凯克/高分辨率梯队光谱仪的速度集结合起来。已经发现了围绕9颗M型矮星运行的16颗候选行星。其中五个是与径向速度信号相对应的新行星，它们对噪声模型的选择不敏感，并且在不同时间跨度的多个数据集中被识别出来。8颗候选行星需要额外的观测来确认。我们还确认了之前报道的三颗行星。在这些新发现的行星中，GJ 180 d和GJ 229A c是超级地球，位于它们的主恒星的保守宜居带。我们用蒙特卡罗方法研究了它们的动力学稳定性，发现两颗行星的轨道对伴星的引力扰动都是鲁棒的。由于它们靠近太阳，这两个系统中主星和潜在宜居行星之间的角距分别为25和59 mas。因此，它们是詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜和E-ELT未来直接成像的良好候选者。此外，我们还发现了GJ 433 c，这是一颗寒冷的超级海王星，属于一群尚未被探索过的类海王星行星。间隔为0。GJ 433 c可能是第一个直接对寒冷的海王星进行成像的现实候选者。对这些行星的全面调查对行星形成的研究很重要。
Zechmeister et al. surveyed 38 nearby M dwarfs from 2000 to 2007 March with VLT2 and the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) spectrometer. These data have recently been reanalyzed, yielding a significant improvement in the Doppler velocity precision. Spurred by this, we have combined the UVES data with velocity sets from High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher, Magellan/Planet Finder Spectrograph, and Keck/High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer. Sixteen planet candidates have been uncovered orbiting nine M dwarfs. Five of them are new planets corresponding to radial velocity signals, which are not sensitive to the choice of noise models and are identified in multiple data sets over various time spans. Eight candidate planets require additional observation to be confirmed. We also confirm three previously reported planets. Among the new planets, GJ 180 d and GJ 229A c are super-Earths located in the conservative habitable zones of their host stars. We investigate their dynamical stability using the Monte Carlo approach and find both planetary orbits are robust to the gravitational perturbations of the companion planets. Due to their proximity to the Sun, the angular separation between the host stars and the potentially habitable planets in these two systems is 25 and 59 mas, respectively. They are thus good candidates for future direct imaging by James Webb Space Telescope and E-ELT. In addition, we find GJ 433 c, a cold super-Neptune belonging to an unexplored population of Neptune-like planets. With a separation of 0.″5 from its host star, GJ 433 c is probably the first realistic candidate for the direct imaging of cold Neptunes. A comprehensive survey of these planets is important for the studies of planet formation.