Judging Expressive Movement: II. Judgments of Dominance-Feeling from Motion Pictures of Gait
Judging Expressive Movement: II. Judgments of Dominance-Feeling from Motion Pictures of Gait
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判断表现力动作：II。
DOI：
10.1080/00224545.1939.9713373
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发表时间：
1939
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Philip B. Reichline
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Eisenberg;Philip B. Reichline
我们对朋友的印象很大程度上是通过他们的公开行为形成的，不仅是他们做了什么，还有他们如何做。奥尔波特和弗农将行为方式或风格称为“表达性运动”，他们将其定义为“适应性行为，被认为较少依赖于外部和临时条件，而更多地依赖于持久的人格品质”（2，第23页）。从其他研究中我们知道（a）人们的表达动作存在显着差异；（b）表达动作是有机体相当稳定的特征，并且相对独立于情绪或情况；（c）表达动作在给定有机体中在某种程度上是相互关联的； (d) 表达性动作与其他人格表达相关 (2, 4, 5)。现在提出的问题是：人们如何通过这些表达性动作来判断个性？当我们考虑到我们对同事的判断很大一部分是基于这些表达性动作而形成时，这就成为一个重要的社会问题。当人格判断错误或部分错误时，社会关系会发生什么变化？我们只能部分希望回答这个问题，并为自己设定了一个问题，即研究步态电影（一种实验上孤立的表达运动）对主导感的判断。顺便说一句，我们想测试匹配方法的应用“作为建立人格定性方面之间定量关系的方法”（9）。
We form impressions of our friends largely through their overt behavior, not only by what they do, but how they do it. The manner or style of behavior has been called “expressive movements” by Allport and Vernon who define them as “adaptive acts considered as dependent less upon external and temporary conditions than upon enduring qualities of personality”(2, p. 23). From other investigations we know (a) that people vary markedly in their expressive movements;(b) that expressive movements are fairly stable characteristics of the organism and relatively independent of mood or situation;(c) that expressive movements are to some extent interrelated within a given organism; and (d) that expressive movements are related to other expressions of personality (2, 4, 5). The question is now raised: How well and in what ways do people judge personality from these expressive movements? This becomes an important social question when we consider that a large part of our judgments of our associates are formed on the basis of these expressive movements. What happens to social relationships when the judgments of personalities are wrong or partially wrong? We can only in part hope to answer this question, and have set ourselves the problem of studying judgments of dominance-feeling from motion pictures of gait, an experimentally isolated expressive movement. Incidentally we should like to test the application of the matching method “as a method for establishing the quantitative relationships between qualitative aspects of personality”(9).