Coat colour in cattle: effect on thermal balance, behaviour and growth, and relationship with coat type
Coat colour in cattle: effect on thermal balance, behaviour and growth, and relationship with coat type
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牛的毛色：对热平衡、行为和生长的影响以及与毛色类型的关系
DOI：
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发表时间：
1984
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
C. Holmes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Finch;I. L. Bennett;C. Holmes
研究了毛色对热平衡、行为和增重的影响。在36天的强日照条件下，对婆罗门牛（B）和短角牛（S）两个品种中的三只白色和三只深色牛以及婆罗门牛赫里福德-短角牛杂交品种（BX）中的三只浅红色和三只中红色牛（毛色对比度较小）进行了热平衡测量。每头牛在08.00和13.00 h之间的6 h随机分布的6次测量30 min，以及在11.00和16.00 h之间的6次测量，均在不同的日期进行。对于B，在皮肤处的平均环境热增益速率的颜色之间的差异为64 ± 22·5 W/m2，对于S，为44 ± 20·5 W/m2，而对于B和S，在蒸发热损失的平均速率的颜色之间的差异分别为44 ± 15·1和42 ± 14·3 W/m2。然而，只有在S是直肠温度显着较高的牛是暗红色的原因进行了讨论。在BX的范围内的颜色色调减少在实验过程中，所以颜色的热效应很小。颜色对生长有显著影响;这些影响在S中最大，其中白色阉牛比暗红色阉牛每天多增重0.13 kg。也有不同的影响内的颜色组在牧场上的活动，光steers花了更多的时间在阳光下，放牧比黑暗的。除颜色外，深色或羊毛型被毛对生长（P <0.05）、在阳光下的时间（P <0.05）和放牧时间（P <0.05）有负面影响;然而，在品种内的动物之间，深色阉牛的被毛类型对生长和行为的不利影响程度大于浅色阉牛。这些结果提供了证据表明，毛色是一个性状，与毛色类型，施加热应激下的牛的性能的影响。
Summary The effects of coat colours on thermal balance, behaviour and weight gain were studied. Measurements of thermal balance were made over 36 days in strong sunshine on highly contrasting coat colours of three white and three dark steers in each of two breeds, Brahman (B) and Shorthorn (S), and three light- and three medium-red steers in Brahman Hereford-Shorthorn cross breed (BX) where there was less contrast in coat colour. Each steer was measured for 30 min on six occasions randomly distributed among 6 h between 08.00 and 13.00 h, and on six occasions between 11.00 and 16.00 h, all on different days. For B, the difference between colours in mean rate of environmental heat gain at the skin was 64 ± 22·5 W/m2 and for S, 44 ± 20·5 W/m2, while the difference in mean rate of evaporative heat loss, between colours for B and S respectively was 44 ± 15·1 and 42 ± 14·3 W/m2. However, only within S was rectal temperature significantly higher in steers which were dark red and the reasons for this are discussed. Within BX the range of colour shades diminished during the experiment so thermal effects of colour were small. Colour had significant effects on growth; these effects were greatest in S where white steers gained 0·13 kg more per day than dark red ones. There were also differential effects within colour groups on activities at pasture; light steers spent more time in the sun and grazing than dark ones. In addition to colour, deep or woolly type coats negatively affected growth (P < 0·05), time spent in the sun (P < 0·05), and grazing time (P < 0·05); however, between animals within breeds the magnitude of the adverse effect of coat type on growth and behaviour was greater in dark- than light-coloured steers. These results provide evidence that coat colour is a trait which, interacting with coat type, exerts an influence on performance of cattle under heat stress.