Amphibians as indicators of changes in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems following GM crop cultivation: a monitoring guideline
Amphibians as indicators of changes in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems following GM crop cultivation: a monitoring guideline
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两栖动物作为转基因作物种植后水生和陆地生态系统变化的指标：监测指南
DOI：
10.3897/biorisk.8.3251
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Stefan Loetters
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Böll;B. R. Schmidt;M. Veith;Norman S. Wagner;D. Rödder;C. Weinmann;Tom Kirschey;Stefan Loetters
两栖动物是监测转基因生物在个体和种群水平上可能产生的直接或间接负面影响的合适指标群体。无尾蚁幼虫对转基因花粉或转基因碎屑的吸收可能对水生生态系统产生直接影响。然而，耕作方式的变化（例如农药使用的变化）更有可能造成间接的负面影响。VDI指南4333旨在确保对奥地利、德国和瑞士农业景观中常见的无尾猴物种的不同生命阶段进行全面监测。该指南包括蝌蚪监测的新方法。为了评估直接影响，将蝌蚪、变形和成体的变形率与自然发生的变形率进行比较。对成虫种群规模、成虫体状况和幼虫出苗率进行了多年监测，以评估转基因作物种植对种群生存能力的长期影响。在每个研究地点，必须在多个接触转基因作物种植的不同两栖动物繁殖地点进行监测。所有监测数据必须存储在中央数据库中，以便将来进行荟萃分析。这将最终使关于转基因作物种植对两栖动物的影响的概括性陈述成为可能。尽管VDI指南4333是专门为转基因作物设计的，但它也可作为研究更广泛的压力源对农业和林业两栖动物种群影响的模型。
Amphibians are a suitable indicator group for monitoring possible negative direct or indirect effects of GMO cultivation at the individual and population level. Direct effects could occur in aquatic ecosystems via uptake of GM pollen or GM detritus by anuran larvae. However, indirect negative effects caused by changes in cultivation practices (changes in pesticide use, for instance) are more likely. The VDI Guideline 4333 aims to ensure comprehensive monitoring of the different life-stages of anuran species that are common in agricultural landscapes of Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The guideline includes a novel approach to tadpole monitoring. To assess immediate effects, tadpole, metamorph and adult deformation rates are compared with naturally occurring deformation rates. Adult population size, adult body condition and juvenile emergence are monitored over multiple years to assess long-term effects of GM crop cultivation on population viability. At each study site, monitoring has to be carried out at multiple amphibian breeding sites which differ in their exposure to GM crop cultivation. All monitoring data have to be stored in a central database for future meta-analyses. This will ultimately allow for generalized statements about the impact of GM crop cultivation on amphibians. Although specifically designed for GM crops, VDI Guideline 4333 may also serve as a model for studying the effects of a wider range of stressors on amphibian populations in agriculture and forestry.