Basic aspects and pharmacology of probiotics: an overview of pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action and side-effects
Basic aspects and pharmacology of probiotics: an overview of pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action and side-effects
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DOI：
10.1016/s1521-6918(03)00055-6
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发表时间：
2003-10-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Shanahan, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marteau, P;Shanahan, F
益生菌被定义为非致病性微生物，当摄入时，对宿主健康或生理产生积极影响。它们的药理学比惰性药物更复杂，但现在正在详细研究。一些菌株在到达粪便之前具有高存活能力，而另一些菌株则被酸和胆汁迅速杀死（可用于递送活性细胞内组分的特征）。潜在的易位和永久殖民是罕见的，但可能的事件，并应受到更密切的审查。作用机制可以是直接的或间接的，通过修饰内源性植物群或通过免疫调节。活性成分知之甚少，但包括细菌甲酰化肽，肽聚糖细胞壁成分和核苷酸。虽然商业益生菌的安全性非常好，但这方面还需要更详细的研究，特别是在免疫功能低下的宿主中。
Probiotics have been defined as non-pathogenic micro-organisms that, when ingested, exert a positive influence on host health or physiology. Their pharmacology is more complex than that of inert drugs but is now being studied in detail. Some strains have a high survival capacity until they reach the faeces, whereas others are rapidly killed by acid and bile (a characteristic that can be used for the delivery of active intracellular components). Potential translocation and permanent colonization are rare but possible events; and should come under closer scrutiny. Mechanisms of action can be direct or indirect through modifications of the endogenous flora or through immunomodulation. The active components are poorly known but include bacterial formylated peptides, peptidoglycan cell wall constituents and nucleotides. Although the safety of commercial probiotics is excellent, this aspect should be studied in more detail, especially in immunocompromised hosts.