Renal Transporters for Organic Anions and Organic Cations. Structural Requirements for Substrates

Renal Transporters for Organic Anions and Organic Cations. Structural Requirements for Substrates
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有机阴离子和有机阳离子的肾脏转运蛋白。

DOI:
10.1007/s002329900247
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发表时间:
1997
期刊:
The Journal of Membrane Biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
K. Ullrich
K. Ullrich
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
K. Ullrich

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最近,通过研究肿瘤细胞[16]和细菌[43]的多药耐药性,多底物特异性变得流行起来。然而,在对有机阴离子和有机阳离子在肾脏[11,21,48,83]和肝脏[36]中的转运的研究中,很久以前就认识到了多底物专一性的现象。实际上,所有被动物摄取的外来物质(化学品和药物)最终都是由这些器官直接或代谢转化后排出的。因此,只有很少的运输商参与其中。本综述中讨论的问题是:(I)哪些肾脏转运体参与了这些物质的转运,这些物质可以归入有机阴离子和有机阳离子?(2)被各自的转运体识别的底物的分子特征是什么?图1描述了近端肾小管细胞两侧的有机阴离子和有机阳离子的主要转运系统。阴离子转运体:1.对氨基马尿酸(PAH)/戊二酸交换系统是分泌有机阴离子的主要转运体,不敏感,克隆,序列尚未发表[38,84]。2.流明阴离子/阴离子交换体系(S);For x−
Recently multisubstrate specificity became popular through studies of multidrug resistance in tumor cells [16] and bacteria [43]. The phenomenon of multisubstrate specificity, however, was recognized long ago in studies of the transport of organic anions and organic cations in the kidney [11, 21, 48, 83] and the liver [36]. Actually all xenobiotics (chemicals and drugs), which are taken up by animals are finally excreted by these organs, either directly or after metabolic transformation. Thereby only few transporters are involved. The questions discussed in this review are: (i) what renal transporters participate in the transport of these substances which can be subsumed under organic anions and organic cations? (ii) What are the molecular features of substrates which are recognized by the respective transporters? In Fig. 1 the main transport systems for organic anions and organic cations on either cell side of the proximal renal tubule are depicted. Anion transporters: 1. The contraluminal para-aminohippurate (PAH)/ aketoglutarate exchange system, the main transport system for the secretion of organic anions, not potential sensitive, cloned, sequence not yet published [38, 84]. 2. The luminal anion/anion exchange system(s); for x −
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