Aging and the use of context in ambiguity resolution: Complex changes from simple slowing
Aging and the use of context in ambiguity resolution: Complex changes from simple slowing
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DOI：
10.1207/s15516709cog0000_46
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发表时间：
2006-03-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Harm, MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dagerman, KS;MacDonald, MC;Harm, MW
调查了老年人和年轻人在歧义消解过程中快速使用语境信息的能力。在实验I和2中，年轻人和老年人听到了模棱两可的单词（例如，在句子中，前面的上下文支持该词的较不频繁或较频繁的含义。这两个年龄组在离线任务中表现出良好的上下文使用，但只有年轻人在跨模态命名中表现出快速使用上下文。第三个实验表明，年轻人和老年人对实验1和实验2中使用的背景有相似的知识。实验结果在2个计算模型中进行了模拟，其中不同的上下文使用模式显示出从改变单个速度参数中出现。这些结果表明，与年龄相关的处理效率变化可以调节语言理解过程中的上下文使用。
Older and younger adults' abilities to use context information rapidly during ambiguity resolution were investigated. In Experiments I and 2, younger and older adults heard ambiguous words (e.g.,fires) in sentences where the preceding context supported either the less frequent or more frequent meaning of the word. Both age groups showed good context use in offline tasks, but only young adults demonstrated rapid use of context in cross-modal naming. A 3rd experiment demonstrated that younger and older adults had similar knowledge about the contexts used in Experiments 1 and 2. The experiment results were simulated in 2 computational models in which different patterns of context use were shown to emerge from varying a single speed parameter. These results suggest that age-related changes in processing efficiency can modulate context use during language comprehension.