Schizophrenia and urbanicity: A major environmental influence - Conditional on genetic risk
Schizophrenia and urbanicity: A major environmental influence - Conditional on genetic risk
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DOI：
10.1093/schbul/sbi060
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发表时间：
2005-10-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
van Os, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krabbendam, L;van Os, J
10多项研究一致表明，大约三分之一的精神分裂症发病率可能与城市环境中未知但可能无混淆的环境因素有关，这些因素对发育中的儿童和青少年产生影响，相对具体地说，增加了精神病样高危精神状态和明显精神障碍的后期表达。现有证据表明，因果关系（城市环境导致精神病）比选择（高风险个体进入城市地区）更重要，城市环境中环境因素的影响取决于遗传风险（即，可能存在基因-环境相互作用）。与城市化相关的影响在最近的出生队列中有所增加，而专注于城市内对比的研究发现，与社区社会特征相关的精神分裂症发病率存在重要的城市内差异。未来的方法可能会集中在邻里认知社会资本和遗传风险之间的复杂的相互作用，作为基板的精神分裂症的发病率增加，在日益城市化的地区，儿童正在成长。
More than 10 studies have consistently shown that around one-third of all schizophrenia incidence may be related to unknown but likely unconfounded environmental factors operating in the urban environment that have an impact on developing children and adolescents to increase, relatively specifically, the later expression of psychosis-like at-risk mental states and overt psychotic disorders. The available evidence suggests that causation (urban environment causes psychosis) is more important than selection (high-risk individuals move into urban areas) and that the effect of the environmental factors in the urban environment is conditional on genetic risk (i.e., there may be gene-environment interaction). The effect associated with urbanicity has grown in more recent birth cohorts, while studies focusing on within-city contrasts have found important within-city variation in the incidence of schizophrenia associated with neighborhood social characteristics. Future approaches may focus on the complex interactions between neighborhood cognitive social capital and genetic risk as the substrate for the increased incidence of schizophrenia in the increasingly urbanized areas that children are growing up in.