Timing of Vaccination after Training: Immune Response and Side Effects in Athletes
Timing of Vaccination after Training: Immune Response and Side Effects in Athletes
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DOI：
10.1249/mss.0000000000002278
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发表时间：
2020-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Meyer, Tim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Stenger, Tanja;Ledo, Alexandra;Meyer, Tim
目的流感疫苗接种用于评估接种前最后一次培训时间是否会影响免疫诱导或副作用。方法45名健康运动员（36名男性，23 +/- 8岁，每周训练≥ 5次，主要是国家比赛水平）接种四价流感疫苗;在接种前即刻和接种后1、2和26 wk采集血样。运动员被随机分配在最后一次训练后2小时内接种疫苗，而不是在24-26小时后接种疫苗。在用疫苗刺激后，基于细胞内细胞因子染色定量流感特异性T细胞。通过酶联免疫吸附试验和中和试验定量抗体（伊加、IgG、IgM）。参与者使用标准化日记记录由此产生的副作用和训练限制。结果两组均显示流感反应性CD 4 T细胞水平增加，在接种疫苗后1周达到峰值（与基线的倍数变化;中位数（四分位数间距），2小时组为3.7（3.0-5.4;P< 0.001）; 26小时组为4.6（2.8-7.4;P< 0.001），组间无差异（P= 0.52）。两组接种疫苗后流感特异性抗体均显著升高（至少1.4倍，各P < 0.001，无组间差异;不同抗体类型P= 0.24-0.97）。只有针对布里斯班毒株的抗体显示出组间中和滴度显著差异的趋势（2小时组为4倍（2-17.8），26小时组为16倍（4-32.9）;P= 0.06），而其他特异性无差异（P= 0.16-0.72）。在副作用方面没有发现组间差异;没有运动员报告由于接种疫苗或其副作用而损失训练时间。结论流感疫苗预防优秀运动员感染是安全有效的。事先培训后接种疫苗的时间似乎不需要具体的限制。
Objectives Influenza vaccination was used to assess whether induction of immunity or side effects are influenced by the timing of the last training session before vaccination. Methods Forty-five healthy athletes (36 male, 23 +/- 8 yr, >= 5 training sessions per week, predominantly national competition level) were vaccinated with the tetravalent influenza vaccine; blood samples were collected immediately before and 1, 2, and 26 wk after vaccination. Athletes were randomly assigned to vaccination within 2 h after the last training session versus after 24-26 h. Influenza-specific T cells were quantified after stimulation with the vaccine based on intracellular cytokine staining. Antibodies (IgA, IgG, IgM) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay. Participants documented resulting side effects and training restrictions using a standardized diary. Results Both groups showed an increase in influenza-reactive CD4 T-cell levels, which peaked 1 wk after vaccination (fold changes to baseline; median (interquartile range), 3.7 (3.0-5.4;P< 0.001) in the 2-h group; 4.6 (2.8-7.4;P< 0.001) in the 26-h group) with no difference between groups (P= 0.52). Influenza-specific antibodies showed a significant increase after vaccination in both groups (at least 1.4-fold, eachP< 0.001, no group differences;P= 0.24-0.97 for different antibody types). Only antibodies toward the Brisbane strain showed a trend toward significant differences in neutralization titers between groups (4-fold (2-17.8) in the 2-h group, 16-fold (4-32.9) in the 26-h group;P= 0.06), whereas other specificities did not differ (P= 0.16-0.72). No intergroup differences were found for side effects; no athlete reported a loss of training time due to the vaccination or its side effects. Conclusion Infection prophylaxis in elite athletes by influenza vaccination seems to be effective and safe. Timing of vaccination after prior training does not seem to require specific constraints.