Selection within organisms in the nineteenth century: Wilhelm Roux's complex legacy.
Selection within organisms in the nineteenth century: Wilhelm Roux's complex legacy.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2012.04.004
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发表时间：
2012-09
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
T. Heams
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Heams
选择论，或者说达尔文的机会/选择动力学在个体层面之外的延伸，在生物学思想中有着悠久的历史。它已经在免疫学或神经学中产生了重要的理论，并成为解释细胞生物学中核心事件内在随机性的令人信服的框架。当我们回顾选择论的思想起源时，德国胚胎学家威廉·鲁克斯（Wilhelm Roux）的文章《有机体中各部分的斗争》（Der Kampf der Theile im Organismus，1881年）可能是达尔文革命后最早的参考文献之一。它将个体描述为一个多层次的结构，每一层次都是其组成部分（分子、细胞、组织、器官）之间“达尔文式”斗争的结果。但鲁的理论远非自然选择的简单延伸，它与达尔文主义有着复杂甚至冲突的关系。这篇文章是值得重新发现作为一个微妙的历史见证进化和发展的生命科学辩论的时间。此外，它的一些论文也可能丰富了进化生物学家之间关于选择水平的争论，以及细胞和分子生物学家之间关于当今生物学中决定论地位的争论。
Selectionism, or the extension of darwinian chance/selection dynamics beyond the individual level, has a long history in biological thought. It has generated important theories in immunology or neurology, and turns out to be a convincing framework to account for the intrinsic stochastic nature of core events in cellular biology. When looking back at the intellectual origins of selectionism, the essay by the German embryologist Wilhelm Roux, Der Kampf der Theile im Organismus (The Struggle of the Parts in the Organism – 1881) might be one, if not the earliest reference after the darwinian revolution. It describes the individual as a multilevel structure, where each level results from a ‘darwinian’ struggle of its parts (molecules, cells, tissues, organs). But Roux’s theory, far from being a simple extension of natural selection, has complex and even conflictual relationships with darwinism. This essay is worth rediscovering as a subtle historical testimony of the evolutionary and developmental life sciences debates of its time. Moreover, some of its theses may also enrich some current debates among evolutionary biologists over levels of selection, and among cellular and molecular biologists over the status of determinism in biology today.