Regeneration of LiNixCoyMnzO2 cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries: A review
Regeneration of LiNixCoyMnzO2 cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries: A review
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.171130
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发表时间：
2023-06
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Weizhe Liu;Zhiqiang Zheng;Yukun Zhang;Xinhong Zhao;Zhanghua Fu;Jiajia Ye;Xuting Li;Ya-wei Li;Cheng Hu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Weizhe Liu;Zhiqiang Zheng;Yukun Zhang;Xinhong Zhao;Zhanghua Fu;Jiajia Ye;Xuting Li;Ya-wei Li;Cheng Hu
全球范围内电动汽车的大规模应用推动了锂离子电池（LIB）产量的进一步扩大，特别是那些采用具有优异电化学性能的层状LiNixCoyMnzO2正极材料的锂离子电池。然而，由于锂离子电池的使用寿命有限，预计在不久的将来将会出现一波含有废LiNixCoyMnzO2正极材料的废旧电池浪潮。废旧材料的再生是有价金属回收利用的重要组成部分，是锂离子电池行业可持续发展的重要组成部分。本文重点介绍了最近开发的废LiNixCoyMnzO2正极材料的再生方法。首先，讨论了层状LiNixCoyMnzO2材料的降解机制。这些机制可以作为许多高效再生策略设计的指南。此外，我们还讨论了新兴的直接再生方法，该方法通过使用熔盐、水热处理和锂氧化还原介体等技术对废材料进行再锂化而实现。最后，总结了间接再生过程，包括酸浸和氨浸、浸出动力学、通过共沉淀和溶胶凝胶方法从浸出液中重新合成以及通过共萃取去除杂质。通过总结 LiNixCoyMnzO2 材料再生所取得的成就，本综述还确定了相关挑战，并为进一步开发更环保、更有效的 LiNixCoyMnzO2 材料回收提供了见解。
The large-scale implementation of electric vehicles worldwide has driven the further expansion of lithium-ion battery (LIB) production, especially those employing the layered LiNixCoyMnzO2cathode materials with excellent electrochemical performance. However, since LIBs have a limited lifespan, a wave of used cells containing spent LiNixCoyMnzO2cathode materials can be expected in the near future. Regeneration of spent materials is a vital component in the recycling of valuable metals for the sustainable development of the LIB industry. This review focuses on the recently developed regeneration methods of spent LiNixCoyMnzO2cathode materials. First, the degradation mechanisms of layered LiNixCoyMnzO2materials are discussed. These mechanisms could serve as the guidelines for the design of many highly efficient regeneration strategies. Furthermore, we discuss the emerging direct regeneration approach enabled by the relithiation of spent materials using techniques such as molten salt, hydrothermal treatment and Li redox mediator. Finally, indirect regeneration processes are summarized, including acid and ammonia leaching, leaching kinetics, re-synthesis from leachates via co-precipitation and sol-gel methods, as well as the removal of impurities by co-extraction. By summarizing the achievements made on the regeneration of LiNixCoyMnzO2materials, this review also identifies associated challenges and provides insights for further developments toward a greener and more effective recycling of LiNixCoyMnzO2materials.